Pembinaan sumberdaya alam merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam pembinaan wilayah transmigrasi. Wilayah pemukiman transmigrasi yang sebagian besar berasal dari hutan primer memerlukan penanganan khusus dan teliti dalam masalah pemanfaatan lahannya. Mata pencaharian pokok transmigran umumnya sebagai petani, oleh karena itu usahatani yang dilakukan di awal masa penempatan merupakan usahatani tanaman pangan semusim. Untuk keperluan penunjang lainnya para transmigran berorientasi pada pemanfaatan hutan sekelilingnya. Dengan pengelolaan yang baik pola usahatani kehutanan dapat bertindak sebagai daerah penyangga bagi hutan-hutan sekitarnya dan perbaikan kondisi kapasitas lahan itu sendiri. Keterpaduan usaha pengelolaan harus ditunjang oleh landasan ilmiah yang mantap khususnya bagi wilayah-wilayah agro ekosistem yang khas.

The summary and the conclusions presented here are based on the results of four case studies, three for drinking water and one for soil and water conservation. The cases were selected from the projects under the Sino-German IESP ("Integriertes Ernaehrungssicherungsprogramm"; Integrated Food Security Programme) in Shandong, People's Republic of China. The aim of the study was to do an economic analysis of the selected cases, in order to answer questions about the sustainability ofthe projects' benefits. The selected drinking water projects include the deep well in Quanziyu village, the big-mouth well in Mawo, and the cisterns in Xiyu. The projects vary in technology, age, and village context (e.g. village size and wealth). The soil and water conservation project covers the whole water catchment area around Mawo village. All projects are located in the county of Pingyi, except for Xiyu, which belongs to Yishui county. In the section A, the main results and conclusions from the drinking water case studies are presented. After a brief introduction, the main findings are explained in general. Next, the situation of each project, as related to costs and water charges, is described in more detail. Finally, an overview of the results from the benefit analysis is given. The section B deals with the main results and conclusions concerning the soil and water conservation project. The results from the financial appraisal of all project components taken together are summarised, before the individual components are described separately.