Cet article est la synthese thematique d'une enquete menee recemment aupres de professionnels (industriels, fabricants et chercheurs) des industries alimentaires sur le theme de la reduction de la consommation d'eau et de la production d'effluents polluants, liee a ces operations. Sont presentees dans un premier temps, secteur par secteur, des donnees de consommations d'eau et de volumes d'effluents produits. Il apparait que de nombreuses procedures de travail et procedes de fabrication peuvent etre ameliores. La tendance doit aller vers une gestion de l'eau comme matiere premiere ou solvant recyclable faisant partie integrante de la rationalisation des procedes (economie d'eau, d'energie, de matiere). Cette gestion passe par la minimisation des rejets apres epuration, en particulier dans le cas de traitement des effluents, et le recyclage des flux aqueux et de matieres, soit directement dans le processus classique de fabrication, soit de facon degradee dans les processus connexes. De nombreux points d'amelioration sont precises et des axes de recherche sont proposes

Cet article est la synthese thematique d' une enquete menee recemment aupres de professionnels (industriels, fabricants et chercheurs) des industries alimentaires sur le theme de la reduction de la consommation d' eau et de la production d' effluents polluants, liee a ces operations. Sont presentees dans un premier temps, secteur par secteur, des donnees de consommations d' eau et de volumes d' effluents produits. Il apparait que de nombreuses procedures de travail et procedes de fabrication peuvent etre ameliores. La tendance doit aller vers une gestion de l' eau comme matiere premiere ou solvant recyclable faisant partie integrante de la rationalisation des procedes (economie d' eau, d' energie, de matiere). Cette gestion passe par la minimisation des rejets apres epuration, en particulier dans le cas de traitement des effluents, et le recyclage des flux aqueux et de matieres, soit directement dans le processus classique de fabrication, soit de facon degradee dans les processus connexes. De nombreux points d' amelioration sont precises et des axes de recherche sont proposes.

We cannot expect mankind to change its eating habits overnight or "deny" them a balanced diet, sot it is evident that the agriculture and water sector have to join forces and drastically reduce the use of water to produce our future food requirements by at least 50 % dieticians, food industry, higher education and restaurants have to join forces and change the way we prepare food and eat.

The tourism industry contributes significantly to the growth of the global economy and is considered to be strongly associated with a large amounts of water and energy consumption. In this study, the tourism water footprint (TWF) and the tourism energy footprint (TEF) of 138 sectors were investigated to examine the water-energy-food (W-E-F) nexus in the Chinese tourism industry from 2012 to 2017 by developing the water- and energy-based environmentally extended input-output analysis with the tourism satellite account. This study revealed that the W-E-F supply groups consumed total 15,556 million m³ of water and 4,964 million tce of energy to support the Chinese tourism industry. The largest contributor to the total TWF is the indirect water use from the food supply group (65%), while the largest proportion of total TEF is contributed by the direct energy use from 11 tourism direct sectors (63%), most especially the air transport sector. A much larger growth of the tourism industry was observed in 2017 compared to that of 2012. The structure decomposition analysis revealed that the growth of the overall water and energy consumption of China tourism is mainly driven by the growth of the total tourism expenditure, i.e. the scale effect. It is the same case for the food supply group associated with the Chinese tourism industry. In contrast, the contribution of the changes to the tourism expenditure composition is relatively low. Furthermore, the growth in water and energy consumption can be offset effectively by reducing the water and energy use coefficient and adjusting the economic production structure of tourism and its associated food supply group. In sum, the food supply and air transport sectors play a crucial role in the water-energy-food nexus of the tourism industry. Therefore, in the future, focus should be placed on improving the water and energy use efficiency of these sectors as well as enhancing their production structures.

This paper considers whether there will be sufficient water available to grow enough food for a predicted global population of 9 billion in 2050, based on three population and GDP growth modelling scenarios. Under the a low population growth with high GDP growth scenario, global consumptive water demand is forecast to increase significantly to over 6,000 km3, which is approximately 3,000 km3 greater that consumptive use in the year 2000. Also of concern is that rising global temperatures are going to increase potential evaporation, and t us irrigation water demand, by up to 17%. Sustainable intensification of agriculture can provide solutions to this predicament. However, productivity growth i not fast enough and we face considerable risks in the next 20 to 30 years. Concerted action to combat food insecurity and water scarcity is required based on agricultural research and development, policy reform and greater water productivity, if the world is to feed its growing population.

This paper considers whether there will be sufficient water available to grow enough food for a predicted global population of 9 billion in 2050, based on three population and GDP growth modelling scenarios. Under the a low population growth with high GDP growth scenario, global consumptive water demand is forecast to increase significantly to over 6,000 km3, which is approximately 3,000 km3 greater that consumptive use in the year 2000. Also of concern is that rising global temperatures are going to increase potential evaporation, and t us irrigation water demand, by up to 17%. Sustainable intensification of agriculture can provide solutions to this predicament. However, productivity growth i not fast enough and we face considerable risks in the next 20 to 30 years. Concerted action to combat food insecurity and water scarcity is required based on agricultural research and development, policy reform and greater water productivity, if the world is to feed its growing population.

This paper considers whether there will be sufficient water available to grow enough food for a predicted global population of 9 billion in 2050, based on three population and GDP growth modelling scenarios. Under the a low population growth with high GDP growth scenario, global consumptive water demand is forecast to increase significantly to over 6,000 km3, which is approximately 3,000 km3 greater that consumptive use in the year 2000. Also of concern is that rising global temperatures are going to increase potential evaporation, and t us irrigation water demand, by up to 17%. Sustainable intensification of agriculture can provide solutions to this predicament. However, productivity growth i not fast enough and we face considerable risks in the next 20 to 30 years. Concerted action to combat food insecurity and water scarcity is required based on agricultural research and development, policy reform and greater water productivity, if the world is to feed its growing population.

The US Atomic Energy Commission has supported a small program at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to determine (i) how the heat in waste warm water from electric generating plant condensers can be transferred economically to controlled environments, such as in greenhouses or animal enclosures; and (ii) to suggest, in a conceptual effort, how the heat exchange system could be applied to an intensive food production complex which might be constructed near a power station. A heat-using complex consisting of enclosures for fish, poultry, swine, and vegetable plants has been conceived with the goal of maximizing the use of heat and the wastes from the various operations by recycling. It is hoped that the concept will prove to be sufficiently attractive that a utility or an agribusiness company will undertake a small demonstration based on some of these ideas.