This study aims to evaluate the performance of groundwater-based tube well irrigation systems of Sarlahi District in Nepal considering a water–energy–food nexus approach. The deep tube well (DTW) irrigation systems showed better performance over shallow tube well (STW) irrigation systems in terms of water supply and agricultural output per unit of irrigated area. On the other hand, the STW-based irrigation systems showed better performance in terms of energy use, management operation and maintenance (MOM) cost and benefit–cost ratio compared to DTW-irrigated systems. The productivity of irrigation water and energy input to major crops showed the best performance for maize followed by rice and wheat. The simulated yields of cereal crops through the AquaCrop model showed significant scope for enhancing crop yields and associated benefits through judicious use of water and fertilizer. (Résumé d’auteur)

The particular effect of 4 kinds of amino acid and peptide-rich food material (APRM) containing different charged amino acid contents on the gelatinization and retrogradation behavior of potato starch granules and on the water-vaporization behavior was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, rapid viscoanalysis, x-ray diffractometry, thermal gravimetry-differential thermal analysis, and pulsed NMR. APRM with a high-charged amino acid content produced unique gelatinization and retrogradation behavior in terms of an elevated gelatinization temperature, reduced viscosity, higher setback, and lower retrograded starch melting enthalpy. The recovered x-ray diffraction intensity decreased with increasing charged amino acid content. APRM with high-charged amino acid content could provide an improved paste having easy vaporization of external water in the swollen starch granules due to the reduced swelling.

La viscosite relative d'extrait aqueux de 494 echantillons de ble tendre varie de 1,2 a 2,5. Les extraits aqueux de ble sont un peu plus visqueux que ceux du mais ou du sorgho, a peine moins visqueux que ceux de triticale mais beaucoup moins que la plupart des extraits d'orges. Parmi les causes de variation de la viscosite relative du ble, le choix varietal semble le plus important et le plus maitrisable. L'effet milieu de culture est moindre et semble s'expliquer par l'alimentation hydrique de la culture. Les techniques de production autres que l'irrigation (protection fongique, fertilisation azotee, date de semis) tout comme la germination ou la conservation ne semblent pas avoir d'effet