This article discusses the basic ways of water-preparation in food industry. Water-preparation plan with elements of disinfecting for production of drinking water and drinks is given. The analysis shows that water should meet definite microbiological requirements. In order to reduce its fatal influence on the health of people the clearing and preparation of water are necessary. Development of techniques and means of clearing without chemical technologies, including ozone treatment technologies, allows one to lower and to get rid of application of chemical compounds and reagents. At the moment the ozone treatment water technologies with consequent treatment on filling filters are the most rational. Ozone is the strong oxidant and disinfects water faster than chlorine in some times. With activated carbon use both the flavouring qualities and smell become better. Technology of mutual ozone processing with absorption is the most perspective for water purification and disinfection, possessives a high efficiency in comparison with attitude to pathogen microorganisms, does not lead to the formation of harmful collateral products. Therefore, the questions of development of safe technologies and means for water preparation and treatment are actual and well timed

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Current use of ion exchange unit process in water treatment for food industry is mainly for boiler feed water softening. However, potentials of ion exchange in water treatment process are of greater significance, which is exactly the matter researched in this paper. After a short review of ion exchange unit process basics, and ion exchangers as an equipment (in scope of that, a suggestions for investitor about techno-econommic analysis of offered solutions for ion exchanger line design is given, in order to minimize errors in plan and design, which might be harmful for investitor), options of using ion exchange in some phases of water treatment process for food industry are discussed, like removing of: mineral matter (softening, decarbonization, demineralization), natural organic matter, and some other constituents (nitrate, ammonia, heavy metals).

Fluoroquinolones are a valuable synthetic antibacterial class widely used in the treatment of infectious diseases both in humans and animals. Until recently, it has been thought that bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones develops very slowly. Nowadays, there are multiple studies that reveal the alarming occurrence of bacterial resistance and there is a high risk of becoming therapeutically useless. The emergence of this phenomenon comes from injudicious usage in therapy, the presence of residues and their metabolites in food of animal origin and also in sewage, compost and domestic waste, which end up in soil and water sources. In the present paper, we reviewed important issues regarding fluoroquinolones impact on the environment in connection with the development of bacterial resistance: (1) the presence of fluoroquinolones as pollutants in soil, surface waters, and food. Fluoroquinolones are persistent with high specificity to interact with soil compared to other antibiotics. Pollution of water sources raises concerns regarding the effects of small concentrations (ng L⁻¹) on human health and also of the environment. The non-therapeutic use in animal farms conducts to food pollution; the cultivated plants could concentrate the fluoroquinolones (over 100 μg L⁻¹); (2) the increase of bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones occurring with specific mutations in the target enzymes as well by the plasmid-mediated resistance and active efflux of the cell; (3) international regulations of the fluoroquinolone residues in food that are far to encompass all compounds; (4) fluoroquinolones residues analysis with standardized methods should provide limits of detection lower than maximum residue limit values; and (5) trends and perspectives: (a) a wider process of harmonization of regulations; (b) the fluoroquinolones restriction, necessary for low levels of bacterial resistance; (c) the soil and waste water purification methods; (d) the practice of soil planting scheme as an alternative; and (e) an environmental label in order to facilitate the selection of drugs.

Pathogenic microorganisms are a serious threat to global health, that involves high costs of the treatment and their fight. We proposed to evaluate PAW antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms food-borne pathogens. PAW It was observed that due to the reactive species in water shows a post-discharge an antimicrobial effect on food-borne pathogens showed until a few days after discontinuation of plasma discharge in water. The logarithmic reduction was higher than 5log10 after an exposure time of 5-min, exhibiting a powerful bactericidal effect. Significant reduction in bacterial population were achieved in all type strains, demonstrating the effectiveness of this new approach to treat the food borne pathogens. Thus, non-thermal plasma activated water can be a promising alternative to traditional disinfection applied in food industry.

Co-digestion of press water from organic municipal wastes and of homogenized food residues with defibered kitchen wastes (food waste) as the main substrate was examined to improve biogas production. Although the biowaste digester was operated already at high organic loading (OLR) of 12.3kgCODm⁻³ d⁻¹ during the week, addition of co-substrates not only increased biogas production rates but also improved total biogas production. By feeding the two co-substrates up to 20kgCODm⁻³ d⁻¹ gas production followed the increasing OLR linearly. When the OLR was further increased with food waste, not more gas than for 20kgCODm⁻³ d⁻¹ OLR was obtained, indicating the maximum metabolic capabilities of the microbes. During weekends (no biowaste available) food waste could substitute for biowaste to maintain biogas production. Addition of press water or food waste to biowaste co-digestion resulted in more buffer capacity, allowing very high loadings without pH control.

A new biosorbent material from eggshell membrane was synthesized through thiol functionalization, which is based on the reduction of disulfide bonds in eggshell membrane by ammonium thioglycolate. The thiol-functionalized eggshell membrane was characterized, and its application as an adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI), Hg(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ag(I) from aqueous water has been investigated. The experimental results revealed that the adsorption abilities of the thiol-functionalized eggshell membrane toward Cr(VI), Hg(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Ag(I) improved 1.6-, 5.5-, 7.7-, 12.4-, 12.7-, and 21.1-fold, respectively, compared with that of the eggshell membrane control. The adsorption mechanism and adsorption performance, including the adsorption capacity and the kinetics of the thiol-functionalized eggshell membrane for the target heavy metals, were investigated. The effects of solution pH, coexisting substances, and natural water matrices were studied. The thiol-functionalized eggshell membrane can be used as column packing to fabricate a column for real wastewater purification.