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Restauração de terra e de gente: alimento-água-energia e os quintais agroflorestais nos assentamentos da reforma agrária no Pampa | Restoration of land and people: food-water-energy and agroforestry backyards in the agrarian reform settlements in the Pampa Texte intégral
2023
Croda, Jéssica Puhl | Rovedder, Ana Paula Moreira | http://lattes.cnpq.br/5274469660466638 | Piaia, Bruna Balestrin | Gomes, Gabriela Schmitz | Neumann, Pedro Selvino | Schenato, Ricardo Bergamo
To face the social, ecological and productive vulnerability in the Pampa biome, it is important to unite production and environmental conservation to improve the quality of life of settled families. The general objective of the present study is to analyze, using the Nexus food-waterenergy approach, the reality of the settled families of the agrarian reform in the Pampa biome, covered by the Sustainable Backyards Project, and to evaluate the potential of agroforestry backyards in improving soil quality. This thesis is structured in the form of chapters. In chapter 1, the main strengths and limitations of settlements in the Pampa were evaluated in terms of food, water and energy security. The study covered the 1755 families contemplated by the Sustainable Backyards Project and from the SIGRA database (Integrated Rural Management System of ATES), 27 indicators were selected. In terms of food security, four indicators were present in more than 70% of the families: raising poultry, grain production, raising pigs and cattle for milk production. Family production focuses on animal husbandry, as evidenced by the correlation between poultry and pig farming. In agricultural crops, grain production (78%) and polycultures (37%) stood out. Water security indicators were present in less than 40% and the highest correlation was established between the presence of rivers/streams and springs. In energy security, the highest representation was established between the presence of electrification and single-phase type in more than 98%. The objective of chapter 2 is to evaluate soil quality under different agroforestry backyards in settlements in the municipalities of Júlio de Castilhos (area A) and Piratini (area B). The physical and chemical attributes showed differences between the sampled areas. The areas of agroforestry backyards and crops differed more intensely from the forest in terms of physical attributes related to soil porosity, when considering soil use in general. In similar areas, the physical and chemical variables were sensitive to soil use and management, considering the history of each piece of land. The results generated in this thesis demonstrate that settled families have an intermediate level of food, water and energy security, highlighting the need for research and promotion of public policies to improve the quality of life of families. In addition, the agroforestry backyards promoted improvements in the physical and chemical properties of the soil in the short term, due to the conservationist management practices carried out by the majority of the families, being recommended the accomplishment of studies and monitoring in the long term. | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES | Para enfrentar a vulnerabilidade social, ecológica e produtiva no bioma Pampa, é importante unir produção e conservação ambiental para melhorar a qualidade de vida das famílias assentadas. O objetivo geral do presente estudo é analisar com a abordagem Nexus alimentoágua-energia, a realidade das famílias assentadas da reforma agrária no bioma Pampa, contempladas pelo Projeto Quintais Sustentáveis e avaliar o potencial dos quintais agroflorestais em melhorar a qualidade do solo. A presente tese está estruturada em forma de capítulos. No capítulo 1, foram avaliadas as principais potencialidades e limitações nos assentamentos no Pampa quanto a segurança alimentar, hídrica e energética. O estudo abrangeu as 1755 famílias contempladas pelo Projeto Quintais Sustentáveis e a partir do banco de dados do SIGRA (Sistema Integrado de Gestão Rural da ATES), foram selecionados 27 indicadores. Na segurança alimentar, quatro indicadores estiveram presentes em mais de 70% das famílias: criação de aves, produção de grãos, criação de suínos e bovinos para produção de leite. A produção familiar se concentra na criação animal, evidenciada pela correlação entre a criação de aves e a criação de suínos. Nos cultivos agrícolas, se destacou a produção de grãos (78%) e policultivos (37%). Os indicadores de segurança hídrica estiveram presentes em menos de 40% e a maior correlação se estabeleceu entre a presença de rios/riachos e nascentes. Na segurança energética, a maior representação se estabeleceu entre a presença de eletrificação e tipo monofásico em mais de 98%. O objetivo do capítulo 2, é avaliar a qualidade do solo sob diferentes quintais agroflorestais nos assentamentos nos municípios de Júlio de Castilhos (área A) e Piratini (área B). Os atributos físicos e químicos mostraram diferenças entre as áreas amostradas. As áreas de quintais agroflorestais e lavouras se distinguiram da mata mais intensamente quanto aos atributos físicos relacionados a porosidade do solo, quando considerado o uso do solo de forma geral. Em áreas semelhantes, as variáveis físicas e químicas foram sensíveis ao uso e manejo do solo, considerando o histórico de cada gleba. Os resultados gerados nesta tese, demonstram que as famílias assentadas apresentam um nível intermediário de segurança alimentar, hídrica e energética, evidenciando a necessidade de pesquisas e fomento às políticas públicas para melhorar a qualidade de vida das famílias. Além disso, os quintais agroflorestais promoveram melhorias nas propriedades físicas e químicas do solo a curto prazo, devido às práticas de manejo conservacionistas realizadas pela maioria das famílias, sendo recomendável a realização de estudos e monitoramento a longo prazo.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Effect of melatonin supplementation on food and water intake in streptozotocin-diabetic and non-diabetic male Wistar rats Efecto de la suplementación oral con melatonina sobre la ingestión de agua y alimento en ratas Wistar macho con diabetes experimental Texte intégral
2010
M. E. Montano | V. Molpeceres | J. L. Mauriz | E. Garzo | I. B. M. Cruz | P. González | J. P. Barrio
The effect of orally supplemented melatonin (MT) at 1 mg/kg bw for 4 weeks on feeding behavior of non-diabetic and diabetic male Wistar rats has been studied by computerized meal pattern analysis. Exogenous MT has a satiating effect in non-diabetic rats, but not in diabetic animals. The changes in feeding behavior induced by MT in non-diabetic animals are related to changes in meal frequency, size and duration leading to lower total food intake during the scotophase. MT administration to diabetic rats resulted in lower drinking time and higher faecal output, without further behavioral effects. We conclude that the notorious metabolic changes ocurring in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat can overcome most of the underlying effects of MT supplementation. The possible MT usage for therapeutical purposes could benefit from the lack of behavioral alterations in diabetic animals.<br>Varias líneas de evidencia señalan a la melatonina (MT) como un importante factor en el complejo entramado de la regulación de la ingestión de alimento. Puesto que la secreción de MT aumenta en la rata con diabetes tipo I, y dada la importancia de MT en el tracto gastrointestinal, es interesante comprobar los efectos de MT sobre el alterado comportamiento ingestivo de estos animales. Se ha estudiado el efecto de la suplementación oral de MT (1 mg por kg de peso corporal y día) en la escotofase sobre el comportamiento ingestivo de ratas Wistar macho diabéticas y no diabéticas durante cuatro semanas mediante análisis de pautas de ingestión asistido por ordenador. La administración de MT exógena indujo un efecto de saciación en ratas no diabéticas, pero no en animales diabéticos. Los cambios en comportamiento ingestivo inducidos por MT en animales no diabéticos están relacionados con cambios en frecuencia, tamaño y duración de las comidas, con el resultado de una disminución de la ingestión total de alimento durante la escotofase. La administración de MT en ratas diabéticas originó una disminución del tiempo total de actividad dípsica y aumento de la masa fecal durante la escotofase, sin otros cambios comportamentales significativos. Se concluye que los notables cambios metabólicos que tienen lugar en la rata con diabetes experimental inducida por estreptozotocina provocan cambios comportamentales más potentes que los ejercidos por la suplementación oral con MT. El posible uso terapéutico de MT podría beneficiarse de la falta de alteraciones comportamentales en animales diabéticos.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Use of residue cover and saline water in lettuce production | Uso de cobertura vegetal y agua salina en la producción de lechuga Texte intégral
2024
Huespe, Daiana Susana | Galantini, Juan Alberto | Álvarez, Cristian
The use of saline water has adverse effects on crop productivity. The objective of this study was to quantify how plant cover (mulching) can modify the adverse effects of saline water on lettuce cultivation in two characteristic soils of the Pampas Semiarid Region. The statistical design was completely randomized a sandy soil and a sandy loam soil were analyzed. The treatments were with plant cover (CCV) and without it (SCV). Irrigation was carried out with water with an electrical conductivity of 1.0 (low salinity); 1.5 and 2.0 (high salinity) dS m-1. A dose of 100 kg N ha-1 was applied using a combination of urea and organic fertilizer (40:60). The lettuce crop was evaluated during four consecutive cycles during the years 2020 and 2021, with five repetitions in each cycle. Productivity was determined: total dry matter (MST), aboveground (MSA) and root (MSR). Accumulated MST (MSTAC), the MSA/MSR ratio, water use efficiency (EUA) and growth rate (TC) were calculated. Data from the fourth crop cycle are presented. The study confirms the negative effect of water with high salinity on MST in both soils, with significant losses in lettuce productivity. In the sandy soil with 1.0 dS m-1 water and CCV the yield was 1416 kg ha-1 with losses of 17 % compared to the treatments irrigated with 2.0 dS m-1 water, while SCV was 420 kg ha-1 with losses of 100 %. The effect of salinity and mulch on lettuce cultivation depends on soil texture, with the greatest effect on sandy loam soil. The use of residue cover improved EUA by 90 % in sandy soil and by 56 % in sandy loam soil. | El uso de agua salina tiene efectos adversos sobre la productividad de los cultivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar cómo la cobertura vegetal (mulching) puede modificar los efectos adversos del agua salina sobre el cultivo de lechuga en dos suelos característicos de la Región Semiárida Pampeana. El diseño estadístico fue completamente aleatorizado, se analizó un suelo arenoso y otro franco arenoso. Los tratamientos fueron con cobertura vegetal (CCV) y sin ella (SCV). Se regó con agua con conductividad eléctrica de 1,0 (baja salinidad); 1,5 y 2,0 (alta salinidad) dS m-1. Se aplicó una dosis de 100 kg N ha-1 usando una combinación de urea y abono orgánico (40:60). Se evaluó el cultivo de lechuga en macetas durante cuatro ciclos consecutivos en los años 2020 y 2021, con cinco repeticiones en cada ciclo. Se determinó la productividad: materia seca total (MST), aérea (MSA) y de raíces (MSR). Se calculó la MSt acumulada (MSTAC), la relación MSA/MSR, la eficiencia de uso del agua (EUA) y la tasa de crecimiento (TC). Se presentan los datos del cuarto ciclo de cultivo. El estudio confirma el efecto negativo del agua con alta salinidad sobre la MSt en ambos suelos, con pérdidas significativas en la productividad de lechuga. En el suelo arenoso con agua de 1,0 dS m-1 y CCV el rendimiento fue de 1416 kg ha-1 con pérdidas del 17 % respecto a los tratamientos regados con agua de 2,0 dS m-1, mientras que SCV fue de 420 kg ha-1 con pérdidas del 100 %. El efecto de la salinidad y de la cobertura vegetal en el cultivo de lechuga depende de la textura del suelo siendo su efecto mayor en el suelo franco arenoso. El uso de cobertura vegetal mejoró la EUA, en un 90 % en el suelo arenoso y en un 56 % en el suelo franco arenoso.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Ensayos preliminares para el reconocimiento de la calidad de agua a partir de imágenes | Preliminary tests for water quality recognition from images Texte intégral
2023
Pérez Hernández, Alexa Fernanda | Moreno Moreno, Catalina | Cárdenas León, Jorge Alonso | 0000-0001-6061-9612 | Cárdenas León, Jorge Alonso [0000-0001-6061-9612]
El propósito de este estudio es establecer las bases para el reconocimiento de la calidad del agua mediante el uso de imágenes seleccionadas. En esencia, se trata de determinar cuáles son esas imágenes características que se asocian a 'muestras tipo', con el objeto de que, dada una base de datos o banco de imágenes, se pueda estimar a priori, el origen, la composición y calidad aproximada, de una determinada muestra problema. Se ensayan inicialmente, el espectro UV / VIS, la imagen del residuo generado por filtración en membrana y una imagen estereoscópica de una columna de agua, a un centímetro de espesor, proveniente de la muestra problema homogenizada. Dichas imágenes se correlacionan con algunos análisis fisicoquímicos específicos. | The purpose of this study is to establish the basis for water quality recognition using selected images. In essence, the aim is to determine which are those characteristic images that are associated with 'type samples', so that, given a database or image bank, it is possible to estimate a priori the origin, composition and approximate quality of a given problem sample. The UV / VIS spectrum, the image of the residue generated by membrane filtration and a stereoscopic image of a water column are initially tested, to one centimeter thick, from the homogenized test sample. Such images correlate with some specific physicochemical analyses.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Valoración económica de la calidad del agua potable en León, Guanajuato | Economic valuation of the quality of drinking water in León, Guanajuato Texte intégral
2022
Valdivia Alcalá, Ramón | Delgadillo Vázquez, Marco Antonio | Sangerman-Jarquín, Dora Ma. | Hernández Ortíz, Juan | Sandoval Romero, Fermín | Garay Jácome, Ángeles Suhgey
Resumen El agua es un recurso natural sobre el que existe una gran presión y problemática en el mundo y en México. En el acuífero del Valle de León, Guanajuato, México, existe escasez, contaminación y sobredemanda por parte de la población del área metropolitana de la ciudad de León, una de las de más pobladas del país. Actualmente la ciudad se abastece principalmente de los acuíferos del Valle de León, con la esperanza de recibir agua de la presa del Zapotillo. El objetivo de la investigación fue estimar la disponibilidad a pagar por parte de los consumidores de agua potable por una mejor calidad del agua que consumen los habitantes, misma que entrega a los hogares el Sistema de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado de León. El método de valoración utilizado fue el de valoración contingente, que permite asignar un monto monetario tanto al valor económico de uso como al de no uso (valores de existencia y legado). Utilizando un modelo de utilidad aleatoria lineal y haciéndolo operativo a través del modelo de probabilidad de regresión logística, se estimó que la disponibilidad a pagar de los hogares de la ciudad es de $182.00 mensuales. Se concluye que el monto estimado anual de $1 034 millones representa el excedente del consumidor sobre cual se evaluaran los costos de construir nueva infraestructura, mejorar la existente e incorporar tecnologías por parte del organismo encargado del suministro de agua potable y del alcantarillado. | Abstract Water is a natural resource on which there is great pressure and problems in the world and in Mexico. In the aquifer of Valle de León, Guanajuato, there is scarcity, pollution and overdemand by the population of the metropolitan area of the City of León, one of the most populated in the country. Currently, the city is supplied mainly from the aquifers of Valle de León, with the expectation of receiving water from the Zapotillo dam. The objective of the research was to estimate the willingness to pay by consumers of drinking water for a better quality of the water consumed by the inhabitants, which is delivered to households by the Drinking Water and Sewerage System of León. The valuation method used was that of contingent valuation, which allows a monetary amount to be assigned to both the economic value of use and the non-use value (values of existence and legacy). Using a linear random utility model and making it operational through the logistic regression probability model, it was estimated that the willingness to pay of the city’s households is $182.00 per month. It is concluded that the estimated annual amount of $1.034 billion represents the consumer surplus on which the costs of building new infrastructure, improving the existing one and incorporating technologies by the agency in charge of the supply of drinking water and sewerage will be evaluated.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLE WATER PUMPS OPERATED BY HUMAN POWER | DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE BICI-BOMBAS DE AGUA A PROPULSIÓN HUMANA Texte intégral
2021
Najera, Francisco | Kremer, Cristian | Leiva, Esteban
The aim of this study was to assess the performance of four power transmission models operated by human propulsion for field irrigation. A bicycle was directly connected to a pump in three of the models designed, while a car alternator was used to supply electric power to the pump in the other model. The performance of the models was evaluated by determining the highest efficiency using characteristic curves, including measurements of pump outlet flow (L min-1), elevation (m), force applied to the pedal (N) and pedaling rate (RPM). The model in which a wheel was placed on the pump rotor (M4) had the highest performance and the lowest construction cost, with a maximum flow of 36.78 L min-1 at 1.02 m and a maximum elevation of 20.04 m with a flow of 12.48 L min-1. The efficiency values fluctuated between 3.90% and 21.17% during the preliminary evaluation. The highest power transmission efficiency rates were around 20%, with flows between 13.35 L min-1 and 30.56 L min-1 at elevations of 5.10 m and 10.20 m. | Este estudio evalúo el rendimiento de cuatro diseños de transmisión de energía a propulsión humana para riego agrícola. En tres diseños se conectó directamente una bicicleta a una bomba de agua, y en uno se utilizó un alternador de automóvil para alimentar de energía eléctrica a la bomba. Se evaluó el desempeño para determinar la eficiencia de transmisión mediante curvas características de la bomba, midiendo caudal de entrega (L min-1), elevación (m), fuerza ejercida sobre el pedal (N) y las revoluciones de pedaleo (RPM). El diseño donde se colocó la rueda sobre el rotor de la bomba (M4) fue el de mejor desempeño y el de menor costo de construcción, con un caudal máximo de 36,78 L min-1 a 1,02 m y una elevación máxima de 20,04 m con un caudal de 12,48 L min-1. Las mayores eficiencias de transmisión de energía fueron del orden de 20%, con caudales entre 13,35 L min-1 y 30,56 L min-1 a elevaciones de 5 y 10 m.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Consumo de agua en una entidad procesadora de pescado. Requerimientos energéticos asociados. | Water consumption in a fish processing entity. Associated energy requirements. Texte intégral
2020
Romero, Teresita de Jesús | Montano, Eddimara
En la industria pesquera (INDUPIR) se realizó un estudio referido al consumo de agua que se estaba generando en la línea de acabado, el que se cuantificó en estudios precedentes en 69 m3/d. Se detectó que las pérdidas fueron motivadas fundamentalmente por: 1. Problemas técnicos en las redes hidráulicas, que arrojó ser de 467 m3/mes y que no se corresponden con lo real reportado por la entidad y, 2. Problemas de operación en el proceso, que resultó de 621 m3/mes. Ambas pérdidas alcanzaron un total de 1 088 m3/mes. Los consumos energéticos asociados con estas pérdidas, que contemplaron solamente la energía eléctrica consumida en la propia planta de proceso se elevaron a 138,5 kW-h, pérdida innecesaria que afecta económicamente la organización y al Sistema Electroenergético Nacional. | In the fishing industry (INDUPIR), a study was carried out regarding water consumption that was being generated in the finishing line, which was quantified in previous studies at 69 m3/d. It was detected that the losses were mainly caused by: 1. Technical problems in the hydraulic networks, which resulted in 467 m3/month and that they do not correspond to the real reported by the entity and, 2. Operational problems in the process, which reached 621 m3/month. Both losses reached a total of 1 088 m3/month. The energy consumption associated with these losses, which only included the electricity consumed in the process plant itself, amounted to 138,5 kW-h, an unnecessary loss that economically affects the organization and the National Electric System. | Published | Refereed
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Preacondicionamiento del agua en la germinación y emergencia de Capsicum chinense Jacq. | Water preconditioning on germination and emergence of Capsicum chinense Jacq. Texte intégral
2020
Hernández-López, Alejandro | Beltrán-Peña, Elda Guadalupe | Amancio Oliveira, Antonia Elenir | Nuñez Gaona, Oscar | Avila-Alejandre, Alma Xochil
Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo, fue determinar el efecto del pre-acondicionamiento hídrico sobre el porcentaje de germinación y la emergencia de Capsicum chinense. Las semillas fueron cultivadas durante ciclo productivo diciembre 2015 a febrero 2016. Para el pre-acondicionamiento, las semillas se imbibieron con 2.5, 3.5, 5, 7.5 y 10 ml de agua. El volumen de 7.5 ml, se usó como referencia. Los resultados de germinación indican que, los tres mejores volúmenes de imbibición fueron 2.5, 3.5 y 5 mL, con una correlación de Pearson de -0.905 (p= 0.000) entre el volumen de agua y el porcentaje de germinación acumulada, así como la disminución del tiempo de germinación 50. Posteriormente, las mismas semillas, se trasplantaron para evaluar la emergencia. Los mejores volúmenes de imbibición para la emergencia fueron, en ese orden, 3.5, 5 y 2.5 ml. En la emergencia el volumen con el mejor porcentaje de germinación (2.5 ml), ocupó el tercer lugar, lo que modificó el coeficiente de Pearson a -0.641 (p= 0.01). Los resultados sugieren que, un cierto grado de estrés, generado por la disminución en el aporte de agua, favorece la germinación y el establecimiento, lo que podría estar relacionado con la síntesis y acumulación de etileno dentro del sistema de germinación. Por otro lado, el aumento en el diámetro de la película de agua genera disminución en la disponibilidad de oxígeno. La contribución del presente trabajo fue evidenciar que la correcta hidratación de las semillas influencia etapas posteriores de la germinación, sin adicionar reguladores del crecimiento. | Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the effect of water pre-conditioning on the percentage of germination and emergence of Capsicum chinense. The seeds were cultivated during the productive cycle from December 2015 to February 2016. For the pre-conditioning, the seeds were imbibed with 2.5, 3.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 ml of water. The volume of 7.5 ml was used as a reference. Germination results indicate that the three best imbibition volumes were 2.5, 3.5 and 5 mL, with a Pearson correlation of -0.905 (p= 0.000) between the volume of water and the percentage of accumulated germination, as well as the decrease of the germination time 50. Subsequently, the same seeds were transplanted to evaluate the emergence. The best imbibition volumes for the emergency were, in that order, 3.5, 5 and 2.5 ml. In the emergency, the volume with the best percentage of germination (2.5 ml) occupied the third place, which modified the Pearson coefficient to -0.641 (p= 0.01). The results suggest that a certain degree of stress, generated by the decrease in water supply, favors germination and establishment, which could be related to the synthesis and accumulation of ethylene within the germination system. On the other hand, the increase in the diameter of the water film generates a decrease in the availability of oxygen. The contribution of the present work was to demonstrate that the correct hydration of the seeds influences later stages of germination, without adding growth regulators.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Prototipo de sistema de lavado de carros que controle el suministro de agua | Prototype car wash system that controls the water supply Texte intégral
2019
Guerrero Prieto, Andrés Felipe | Melo Bernal, Johan Humberto | Gutiérrez Sierra, Juan Camilo
Se diseñó e implementó un sistema de lavado de carros con agua lluvia que controla el suministro de agua, este se encuentra ubicado en un concesionario del barrio Normandía de la ciudad de Bogotá. La cantidad de agua suministrada dependerá del tipo de vehículo a lavar, cada uno de los procesos de lavado se almacena en una base de datos que servirá para llevar un historial de agua consumida y vehículos lavados, con esta información, el dueño del concesionario podrá saber detalladamente cuánta agua se ha ahorrado gracias el sistema. Gracias a los sensores y actuadores electrónicos utilizados en la implementación, fue posible llevar el control del agua que ingresa y sale del sistema, cumpliendo así con los objetivos propuestos en el desarrollo del proyecto. | Ingeniero Electrónico | Pregrado | A car wash system was designed and implemented with rainwater that controls the water supply, it is in a dealership in the Normandia neighborhood of the city of Bogotá. The amount of water supplied depends on the type of vehicle to be washed, each of the washing processes is stored in a database that will be used to keep track of water consumed and vehicles washed, with this information, the owner of the dealership will be able to know explicitly how much water has been saved thanks to the system. Thanks to the electronic sensors and actuators used in the implementation, it was possible to carry out the control of the water that entered and the sale of the system, thus fulfilling the objectives proposed in the development of the project.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Impact of a Programme for Water Affordability on Residential Consumption: Implementation of the “Programa Mínimo Vital de Agua Potable” in Bogotá, Colombia Texte intégral
2018
Laura Vargas | Sueli Mingoti | Léo Heller
Impact of a Programme for Water Affordability on Residential Consumption: Implementation of the “Programa Mínimo Vital de Agua Potable” in Bogotá, Colombia Texte intégral
2018
Laura Vargas | Sueli Mingoti | Léo Heller
Affordability of services is a determinant for people’s level of access to water. In this study, we analyse the effect of a programme aimed at improving the affordability of water services on users’ water consumption. The programme was implemented in 2012 by the local government of the city of Bogotá, Colombia, intending to provide an essential “lifeline” volume of water to poor households free of charge. Our assessment was carried out with secondary data and used difference-in-difference estimators in a panel data analysis of a two-period sample: 2011 and 2014. The unit of analysis was defined based on the city’s administrative divisions and the socio-economic stratification of residences. Over the period analysed, beneficiaries’ household consumption increased, reaching per capita consumption levels closer to those of the upper strata of users. Results suggest that the programme contributes to increased consumption and equity among users.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Impact of a Programme for Water Affordability on Residential Consumption: Implementation of the <em>“Programa Mínimo Vital de Agua Potable”</em> in Bogotá, Colombia Texte intégral
2018
Vargas, Laura | Mingoti, Sueli Aparecida | Heller, Léo
Affordability of services is a determinant for people’s level of access to water. In this study, we analyse the effect of a programme aimed at improving the affordability of water services on users’ water consumption. The programme was implemented in 2012 by the local government of the city of Bogotá, Colombia, intending to provide an essential “lifeline” volume of water to poor households free of charge. Our assessment was carried out with secondary data and used difference-in-difference estimators in a panel data analysis of a two-period sample: 2011 and 2014. The unit of analysis was defined based on the city’s administrative divisions and the socio-economic stratification of residences. Over the period analysed, beneficiaries’ household consumption increased, reaching per capita consumption levels closer to those of the upper strata of users. Results suggest that the programme contributes to increased consumption and equity among users.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Impact of a Programme for Water Affordability on Residential Consumption: Implementation of the “Programa Mínimo Vital de Agua Potable” in Bogotá, Colombia Texte intégral
2018
Laura Vargas | Sueli Aparecida Mingoti | Léo Heller
Affordability of services is a determinant for people’s level of access to water. In this study, we analyse the effect of a programme aimed at improving the affordability of water services on users’ water consumption. The programme was implemented in 2012 by the local government of the city of Bogotá, Colombia, intending to provide an essential “lifeline” volume of water to poor households free of charge. Our assessment was carried out with secondary data and used difference-in-difference estimators in a panel data analysis of a two-period sample: 2011 and 2014. The unit of analysis was defined based on the city’s administrative divisions and the socio-economic stratification of residences. Over the period analysed, beneficiaries’ household consumption increased, reaching per capita consumption levels closer to those of the upper strata of users. Results suggest that the programme contributes to increased consumption and equity among users.
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