Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo, fue determinar el efecto del pre-acondicionamiento hídrico sobre el porcentaje de germinación y la emergencia de Capsicum chinense. Las semillas fueron cultivadas durante ciclo productivo diciembre 2015 a febrero 2016. Para el pre-acondicionamiento, las semillas se imbibieron con 2.5, 3.5, 5, 7.5 y 10 ml de agua. El volumen de 7.5 ml, se usó como referencia. Los resultados de germinación indican que, los tres mejores volúmenes de imbibición fueron 2.5, 3.5 y 5 mL, con una correlación de Pearson de -0.905 (p= 0.000) entre el volumen de agua y el porcentaje de germinación acumulada, así como la disminución del tiempo de germinación 50. Posteriormente, las mismas semillas, se trasplantaron para evaluar la emergencia. Los mejores volúmenes de imbibición para la emergencia fueron, en ese orden, 3.5, 5 y 2.5 ml. En la emergencia el volumen con el mejor porcentaje de germinación (2.5 ml), ocupó el tercer lugar, lo que modificó el coeficiente de Pearson a -0.641 (p= 0.01). Los resultados sugieren que, un cierto grado de estrés, generado por la disminución en el aporte de agua, favorece la germinación y el establecimiento, lo que podría estar relacionado con la síntesis y acumulación de etileno dentro del sistema de germinación. Por otro lado, el aumento en el diámetro de la película de agua genera disminución en la disponibilidad de oxígeno. La contribución del presente trabajo fue evidenciar que la correcta hidratación de las semillas influencia etapas posteriores de la germinación, sin adicionar reguladores del crecimiento. | Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the effect of water pre-conditioning on the percentage of germination and emergence of Capsicum chinense. The seeds were cultivated during the productive cycle from December 2015 to February 2016. For the pre-conditioning, the seeds were imbibed with 2.5, 3.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 ml of water. The volume of 7.5 ml was used as a reference. Germination results indicate that the three best imbibition volumes were 2.5, 3.5 and 5 mL, with a Pearson correlation of -0.905 (p= 0.000) between the volume of water and the percentage of accumulated germination, as well as the decrease of the germination time 50. Subsequently, the same seeds were transplanted to evaluate the emergence. The best imbibition volumes for the emergency were, in that order, 3.5, 5 and 2.5 ml. In the emergency, the volume with the best percentage of germination (2.5 ml) occupied the third place, which modified the Pearson coefficient to -0.641 (p= 0.01). The results suggest that a certain degree of stress, generated by the decrease in water supply, favors germination and establishment, which could be related to the synthesis and accumulation of ethylene within the germination system. On the other hand, the increase in the diameter of the water film generates a decrease in the availability of oxygen. The contribution of the present work was to demonstrate that the correct hydration of the seeds influences later stages of germination, without adding growth regulators.

Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) is a source of phytochemicals or bioactive compounds that have shown benefits in human health. For phytochemicals extraction process, a prior drying is required. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of drying temperature (30, 50 and 70 degrees C) on total capsaicinoids and total carotenoids, and the coefficients of water diffusivity during drying of sliced red habanero pepper. The results show that the bioactive compounds, present a major stability at high temperature (70 degrees C), the effective diffusivity increased with drying temperature and the activation energy of the process was calculated to 39.575 kJ mol(-1) K-1. Several theoretical aspects of average water diffusivity are discussed.

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the effect of water pre-conditioning on the percentage of germination and emergence of Capsicum chinense. The seeds were cultivated during the productive cycle from December 2015 to February 2016. For the pre-conditioning, the seeds were imbibed with 2.5, 3.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 ml of water. The volume of 7.5 ml was used as a reference. Germination results indicate that the three best imbibition volumes were 2.5, 3.5 and 5 mL, with a Pearson correlation of -0.905 (p= 0.000) between the volume of water and the percentage of accumulated germination, as well as the decrease of the germination time 50. Subsequently, the same seeds were transplanted to evaluate the emergence. The best imbibition volumes for the emergency were, in that order, 3.5, 5 and 2.5 ml. In the emergency, the volume with the best percentage of germination (2.5 ml) occupied the third place, which modified the Pearson coefficient to -0.641 (p= 0.01). The results suggest that a certain degree of stress, generated by the decrease in water supply, favors germination and establishment, which could be related to the synthesis and accumulation of ethylene within the germination system. On the other hand, the increase in the diameter of the water film generates a decrease in the availability of oxygen. The contribution of the present work was to demonstrate that the correct hydration of the seeds influences later stages of germination, without adding growth regulators. | Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo, fue determinar el efecto del pre-acondicionamiento hídrico sobre el porcentaje de germinación y la emergencia de Capsicum chinense. Las semillas fueron cultivadas durante ciclo productivo diciembre 2015 a febrero 2016. Para el pre-acondicionamiento, las semillas se imbibieron con 2.5, 3.5, 5, 7.5 y 10 ml de agua. El volumen de 7.5 ml, se usó como referencia. Los resultados de germinación indican que, los tres mejores volúmenes de imbibición fueron 2.5, 3.5 y 5 mL, con una correlación de Pearson de -0.905 (p= 0.000) entre el volumen de agua y el porcentaje de germinación acumulada, así como la disminución del tiempo de germinación 50. Posteriormente, las mismas semillas, se trasplantaron para evaluar la emergencia. Los mejores volúmenes de imbibición para la emergencia fueron, en ese orden, 3.5, 5 y 2.5 ml. En la emergencia el volumen con el mejor porcentaje de germinación (2.5 ml), ocupó el tercer lugar, lo que modificó el coeficiente de Pearson a -0.641 (p= 0.01). Los resultados sugieren que, un cierto grado de estrés, generado por la disminución en el aporte de agua, favorece la germinación y el establecimiento, lo que podría estar relacionado con la síntesis y acumulación de etileno dentro del sistema de germinación. Por otro lado, el aumento en el diámetro de la película de agua genera disminución en la disponibilidad de oxígeno. La contribución del presente trabajo fue evidenciar que la correcta hidratación de las semillas influencia etapas posteriores de la germinación, sin adicionar reguladores del crecimiento.

O descarte e o gerenciamento inadequado dos resíduos de origem agroindustrial são alguns dos fatores que causam impactos negativos sobre a qualidade dos recursos hídricos. Uma alternativa eficiente para a disposição adequada de água residuária é o seu reuso na agricultura. O uso de águas residuárias na irrigação é um aliado para o ganho de produtividade por ser fonte de nutrientes e água para as plantas. Tendo em vista a necessidade de produção de mudas de qualidade e a demanda do manejo adequado dos resíduos agroindustriais, o objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de mudas de pimenta biquinho (Capsicum chinense) produzidas sob níveis de água residuária tratada da indústria de laticínios. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na mistura de água residuária (AR) e água de abastecimento (AA), em diferentes doses, em que: T1 = 100% AA, T2 = 75%AA + 25%AR, T3 = 50%AA + 50%AR, T4 = 25%AA + 75% AR e T5 = 100%AR. Para avaliar o efeito da água residuária, as mudas foram avaliadas quanto ao índice de qualidade de dickson, índice de área foliar e eficiência de uso da água. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste ‘F’ e foi aplicado o teste de Tukey, ambos ao nível de 5% de significância, utilizando o software estatístico RStudio®. O tratamento com 75%AA + 25%AR impactou significativamente as variáveis de eficiência de uso da água, índice de área foliar, índice de qualidade de Dickson, altura e massa seca da parte aérea das mudas de pimenta. O tratamento com 100% AR foi impactado negativamente, em relação aos parâmetros avaliados, pela elevada concentração de água residuária. Conclui-se que é válida a aplicação de água residuária da indústria de laticínios, na menor proporção, para produção de mudas de pimenta biquinho, pois favorece recuperação de recursos e disposição adequada de efluentes. Palavras-chave: Fertirrigação. Gestão de recursos hídricos. Capsicum Chinense. | The inadequate disposal and management of agro-industrial waste are some of the factors that cause negative impacts on the quality of water resources. An efficient alternative for the proper disposal of wastewater is its reuse in agriculture. The use of wastewater in irrigation is an ally for productivity gain as it is a source of nutrients and water for plants. Because of the necessity to produce quality seedlings and the demand for proper management of agro-industrial waste, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Capsicum chinense seedlings produced under levels of treated wastewater from the dairy industry. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a mixture of wastewater (AR) and water (AA), at different levels, in which: T1 = 100% AA, T2 = 75%AA + 25%AR, T3 = 50%AA + 50%AR, T4 = 25%AA + 75% AR and T5 = 100%AR. To evaluate the effect of wastewater, seedlings were evaluated for dickson quality index, leaf area index and water use efficiency. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the 'F' test and Tukey's test was applied, both at 5% significance level, using the statistical software RStudio®. The treatment with 75%AA + 25%AR significantly impacted the variables of water use efficiency, leaf area index, Dickson quality index, height and dry mass of the aerial part of the pepper seedlings. The treatment with 100% AR was negatively impacted, in relation to the parameters evaluated, by the high concentration of wastewater. It is concluded that the application of wastewater from the dairy industry, in the lowest proportion, is valid for the production of Capsicum chinense seedlings, as it favours resource recovery and adequate disposal of effluents. Keywords: Fertigation. Management of water resources. Capsicum chinense.

En las plantas el agua constituye típicamente de 80 a 95 % de la masa de los tejidos en crecimiento, donde desempeña funciones esenciales. La baja disponibilidad de agua en el suelo provoca el estrés abiótico de mayor incidencia en el crecimiento vegetal que en los sistemas agrícolas representa en pérdidas económicas. Es importante entonces estimar los requerimientos hídricos de los cultivos para mejorar su potencial productivo y el uso del agua. En este estudio se evaluó el efecto de cinco niveles de humedad aprovechable (HA) (60, 50, 40, 30 y 20 %) aplicada tres veces por semana) en chile habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) establecido en condiciones protegidas. Se analizó el potencial hídrico de la hoja, crecimiento, producción y distribución de biomasa, rendimiento y tamaño del fruto, índice de cosecha e índice de productividad del agua. Se encontró que al regar con una lámina de 60 % de la HA se obtuvo la mejor condición hídrica de la planta, 55 % más de área foliar, 44 % más de biomasa total y 84 % más de rendimiento de fruto, que con 20 % de HA. Con 60 % de HA se logró una producción de 5.6 g de biomasa seca por cada litro de agua aplicado. | Water in plants represents 80 to 95 % of the mass in growing tissue where it plays esential functions. Low water availability in soils is the most common abiotic stress on plant growth which causes economic losses in agricultural systems. It is important then to estimate crop water requirements for improving crop productivity. In the present work, habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) was exposed to five levels of substrate water availability (60, 50, 40, 30 y 20 %). Leaf water potential, plant growth, biomass distribution, fruit yield, fruit size, harvest index and water productivity were evaluated. Results showed that plants exposed to 60 % of substrate water availability had the highest leaf water potential, with gains of 55 % in leaf area, 44 % in dry mass and 84 % in fruit yield, compared to the 20 % water availability in the substrate. With 60 % of water availability plants produced 5.6 g of dry biomass per 1 L of irrigated water.