A total of 300 Centropomus undecimalis juveniles, with an average initial weight of 3.16 ± 0.28 g and average total length of 7.17 ± 0.22 cm, were reared for eight weeks using a recirculating system to determine the dietary protein requirement for their growth and survival. The e ect of ve experimental diets containing 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60% total protein content and two salinities (brackish water, BW at 5 UPS and marine water, MW at 36 UPS) were assessed. Fish were fed ve times per day at 2.5% of total biomass. All treatments were performed in triplicate, recording the individual weight and total length every 15 d, while weight gain and daily growth rate were recorded at the end of the experiment. Mean weight increased proportionally as protein content increased, with the greatest growth occurring with a 60% protein diet for sh reared in brackish water, and 55% for sh in marine water. We consider that the protein requirement in C. undecimalis juveniles is high; in addition, it differs depending on the salinity, which may be due to the higher energy expenditure derived from the processes of osmoregulation in fish reared in marine water.

A medida do gasto energético total é fundamental em estudos de nutrição e metabolismo. A água duplamente marcada é uma forma de calorimetria indireta que mede precisa e acuradamente o gasto energético total de indivíduos fora de confinamento. Esse método já foi aplicado com diversas finalidades, como medir a demanda energética decorrente de doenças crônicas e da atividade física. Além disso, também foi usada em estudos sobre as conseqüências da desnutrição e a etiologia da obesidade, especialmente demonstrando as diferenças inter-raciais quanto ao gasto energético total. Tal técnica também pode ser utilizada para validar outros métodos de avaliação da prática de atividade física e/ou do gasto energético total. Embora diversos estudos de validação tenham sido conduzidos, nenhum método demonstrou bom desempenho nas estimativas individuais. Finalmente, a água duplamente marcada tem sido amplamente empregada em países desenvolvidos como marcador do consumo energético, validando as estimativas obtidas pelos métodos de avaliação do consumo alimentar. Esse uso também deve ser encorajado em países em desenvolvimento, para que se possa considerar o erro das estimativas de ingestão energética dos métodos de avaliação do consumo alimentar, utilizados nas pesquisas de nutrição humana dessas nações. | The measurement of total energy expenditure is fundamental in nutritional and metabolic studies. Doubly labeled water is a form of indirect calorimetry, which measures precisely and accurately total energy expenditure in free-living individuals. This method has been applied for several ends, such as to measure energy expenditure during chronic illness and physical activity. It has also been used in studies concerning the consequences of malnutrition and the etiology of obesity, demonstrating the inter-racial differences in total energy expenditure in particular. The technique can also be used to validate other methods of physical activity assessment and total energy expenditure estimates. Although many validation studies have been conducted, none demonstrated good individual performance. Finally, the doubly labeled water has been widely applied in developed countries as a marker of energy intake, validating the energy intake estimates derived from dietary assessment methods. This application should also be encouraged in developing countries, in order to establish the error associated with energy intake estimates obtained by the dietary assessment methods used in the human nutrition studies of these nations.