This document is the first systematic discussion of the most important lessons of the APPJ Project of the European Union, which was implemented between the years 1993 and 2001. The project was prepared to respond to the emergency health situation of the cholera epidemic of 1991. The proposed project was to comment on building autonomous systems of drinking water in peri-urban areas not served by the SEDAPAL drinking water network. Lessons learned include: 1) It is not enough to build drinking water systems; 2) It is essential to ensure the existence of units that manage the system efficiently. 3) It is important to operate a monitoring program of the autonomous systems in Lima. This document has been divided into five chapters and three annexes. The first chapter presents the background of the project, the features of the proposal and phases their execution. The second deals with processes that led to major improvements in the construction of the autonomous systems of drinking water. The third chapter discusses the various aspects and factors influencing the sustainability of water systems. The fourth chapter discusses the role of institutional actors involved directly or indirectly in the sustainability of building water systems. Finally, the fifth chapter presents conclusions and lessons. The document ends with three annexes: the first is information on costs and volume of sales of systems visited; the second is a summary of the information status of systems visited, and the third is a list of NGOs who have participated in the implementation of the project.

This document is the first systematic discussion of the most important lessons of the APPJ Project of the European Union, which was implemented between the years 1993 and 2001. The project was prepared to respond to the emergency health situation of the cholera epidemic of 1991. The proposed project was to comment on building autonomous systems of drinking water in peri-urban areas not served by the SEDAPAL drinking water network. Lessons learned include: 1) It is not enough to build drinking water systems; 2) It is essential to ensure the existence of units that manage the system efficiently. 3) It is important to operate a monitoring program of the autonomous systems in Lima. This document has been divided into five chapters and three annexes. The first chapter presents the background of the project, the features of the proposal and phases their execution. The second deals with processes that led to major improvements in the construction of the autonomous systems of drinking water. The third chapter discusses the various aspects and factors influencing the sustainability of water systems. The fourth chapter discusses the role of institutional actors involved directly or indirectly in the sustainability of building water systems. Finally, the fifth chapter presents conclusions and lessons. The document ends with three annexes: the first is information on costs and volume of sales of systems visited; the second is a summary of the information status of systems visited, and the third is a list of NGOs who have participated in the implementation of the project.

An experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the alpaca's nutritional behavior, by determining the digestibility of a diet under different nutritional requirements according to the literature estimates. Alfalfa hay and maize straw was utilized in four treatments; a control treatment supplying 100% of the energetic and protein maintenance requirements; the second treatment included 85% of the protein requirement for maintenance; the third one, supplying 85% of the energy requirement for maintenance, and the fourth treatment, covering a 85% of the energy and protein requirements. A second trial was carried out to evaluate the digestibility of different quality feeds under 100% of maintenance requirements. The trial had two treatments, one of which corresponded to the control treatment of the first trial with alfalfa hay and maize straw, and the second one with ground raspberry shoots and maize straw. Additionally, water intake was determined to study its relationship with feed intake.

Se realizo un ensayo con terneros Aberdeen Angus, que consumian heno de Eragrostis curvula (5 p. 100 PB y 77,8 FND) y Medicago sativa (18 p. 100 PB y 47,3 FND) y agua de bebida con 1,75 g/L y 5,9 g/L de residuo seco de evaporacion. Los terneros recibian el mismo forraje, pero diferente calidad de agua. Se midio: consumo de materia seca (CMS, kg/kg sup (0,75)), consumo de agua (CH2O, L/kg sup (0,75)) y digestibilidad (DMS p. 100). Los resultados indican que para baja calidad de forraje el CMS (0,067 +- 0,013), CH2O (0,225 +- 0,047) y DMS (56,21 +- 9,8 p. 100) fueron superiores cuando se suministro agua de alta salinidad que para media salinidad de agua (CMS = 0,060 +- 0,011; CH2O = 0,203 +- 0,044; DMS = 48,16 +- 11,42 p. 100). Con el forraje de alta calidad la situacion es inversa, con alta salinidad del agua los valores de CMS (0,108 +- 0,024) y CH2O (0,453 +- 0,087) son menores que para media salinidad del agua (CMS = 0,114 +- 0,018; CH2O = 0,525 +- 0,162) y la digestibilidad es igual para ambos casos (DMS = 66,84 +- 8,41 p. 100; 66,55 +- 7,27 p. 100). Se concluye que en condiciones de baja calidad de forraje, agua con hasta 6 g de RSE/L es beneficiosa, al mejorar la digestibilidad y consumo del forraje, pero con forraje de alta calidad, se limita el consumo de esta y del forraje.