Los herbicidas glifosato y paraquat son utilizados por los productores de soja con el objetivo de desecar las plantas, anticipar y uniformizar la cosecha. Sin embargo, el uso indiscriminado de herbicidas puede causar problemas eventualmente en las características agronómicas y fisiológicas del cultivo. El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo evaluar la utilización de los herbicidas glifosato y paraquat como desecantes para el cultivo de la soja. El experimento fue llevado a cabo en el año agrícola 2005/06, en un delineamiento experimental de bloques al azar, con cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron dispuestos en dos esquemas factoriales, 3x3x5x2 y 3x2x5x2: dos desecantes (glifosato y paraquat) y un testigo (sin desecación), aplicación de los desecantes en tres y dos estadios fenológicos de las plantas (R6, R7 y R8) y (R7 y R8), para las variedades MSOY 6101 de ciclo superprecoz, y MG/BR 46 (Conquista) de ciclo precoz, respectivamente, cinco épocas de muestreo (2; 4; 6; 8 y 10 días después de la aplicación) y evaluación en dos posiciones en la planta (ápice y base). Fue evaluada la producción de semillas, masa y tenor de agua de 100 semillas. Los desecantes evaluados fueron eficientes en la reducción del tenor de agua de las semillas, sin afectar la productividad y la masa de 100 semillas.<br>The herbicides glyphosate and paraquat have been used by Brazilian soybean producers to obtain crop desiccation and to anticipate and uniformity at harvest. However, improper use of herbicides can to occasion problems in agronomic and physiologic characteristics of crop. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the glyphosate and paraquat herbicides as a desiccant for growing soybeans. The experiment was conducted in 2005/06 crop year, in an experimental design of randomized blocks with four replications. Treatments were arranged in two factorial design, 3x3x5x2 and 3x2x5x2: two desiccants (glyphosate and paraquat) and control (without drying), three and two growth stages (R6, R7 and R8) and (R7 and R8) for varieties MSOY 6101 of superprecocious cycle, and MG / BR 46 (Conquista) of precocious cycle, respectively, five sampling times (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days after application) and two positions in the plants on the ground assessment (apex and base). Was evaluated for seed production, mass and water content of 100 seeds. Desiccants tested were effective in reducing the water content of seeds, without affecting productivity and mass of 100 seeds.

Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito da qualidade da água utilizada na pulverização, sobre a eficácia de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência, instalou-se um experimento no ano agrícola 91/92, em área da Fazenda Experimental da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da UNESP, município de Jaboticabal (SP), com 21 tratamentos e três repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelas combinações de formulações comerciais de glifosate, mistura pronta de glifosate + 2,4D, MSMA e paraquat com as águas deionizada, destilada, limpa (poço profundo), turva 1 (limpa + 2 g.L-1 de solo) e turva 2 (limpa + 10 g.L-1 de solo), além de uma testemunha, na qual não se efetuou a aplicação de herbicidas. Avaliações visuais de controle, geral e por espécie, aos 14, 30 e 45 dias após a aplicação, mostraram que nenhum dos tipos de água utilizados interferiu significativamente na eficiência dos herbicidas, independentemente do produto e da época de avaliação. As quantidades de argila adicionadas às águas denominadas de turva 1 e turva 2 não adsorveram os herbicidas paraquat e glifosate a ponto de prejudicar-lhes a ação. A análise e interpretação dos resultados obtidos, portanto, permitem concluir que o emprego de água turva, oriunda de um reservatório aberto, foi viável para aplicação de alguns herbicidas (glifosate, glifosate + 2,4-D, MSMA e paraquat) em pós-emergência, não influenciando significativamente na sua eficácia . | An experiment aiming to study the effect of the quality of the spraying water on the efficiency of pos-emergence herbicides was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Veterinary of the UNESP, in Jaboticabal, State of São Paulo, Brazil, during the crop season of 1991/92. A randomized block design with 21 treatments and 3 replications was adopted. The treatments were commercial formulations of glyphosate; commercial mix of glyphosate + 2,4-D, MSMA and paraquat diluted in deionized, distilled, deep well water, turbid water 1 (clean water + 2 g.L-1 of soil with 56% of clay), turbid water 2 (clean water + 10 g.L-1 of soil with 56% of clay) and check (not sprayied). Control evaluations of the plots, both general and specific (by species) were made at 14, 30 and 45 days after spraying. The results demonstrated no significant influence of the water on the effectiveness of any of the herbicides used independently of the time of evaluation. It was concluded that water with up to 10 g.L-1 of soil in suspension can be used with no major problems as far as herbicide effectiveness is concerned.

The herbicides glyphosate and paraquat have been used by Brazilian soybean producers to obtain crop desiccation and to anticipate and uniformity at harvest. However, improper use of herbicides can to occasion problems in agronomic and physiologic characteristics of crop. This study aimed to evaluate the use of the glyphosate and paraquat herbicides as a desiccant for growing soybeans. The experiment was conducted in 2005/06 crop year, in an experimental design of randomized blocks with four replications. Treatments were arranged in two factorial design, 3x3x5x2 and 3x2x5x2: two desiccants (glyphosate and paraquat) and control (without drying), three and two growth stages (R6, R7 and R8) and (R7 and R8) for varieties MSOY 6101 of superprecocious cycle, and MG / BR 46 (Conquista) of precocious cycle, respectively, five sampling times (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days after application) and two positions in the plants on the ground assessment (apex and base). Was evaluated for seed production, mass and water content of 100 seeds. Desiccants tested were effective in reducing the water content of seeds, without affecting productivity and mass of 100 seeds. | Los herbicidas glifosato y paraquat son utilizados por los productores de soja con el objetivo de desecar las plantas, anticipar y uniformizar la cosecha. Sin embargo, el uso indiscriminado de herbicidas puede causar problemas eventualmente en las características agronómicas y fisiológicas del cultivo. El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo evaluar la utilización de los herbicidas glifosato y paraquat como desecantes para el cultivo de la soja. El experimento fue llevado a cabo en el año agrícola 2005/06, en un delineamiento experimental de bloques al azar, con cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron dispuestos en dos esquemas factoriales, 3x3x5x2 y 3x2x5x2: dos desecantes (glifosato y paraquat) y un testigo (sin desecación), aplicación de los desecantes en tres y dos estadios fenológicos de las plantas (R6, R7 y R8) y (R7 y R8), para las variedades MSOY 6101 de ciclo superprecoz, y MG/BR 46 (Conquista) de ciclo precoz, respectivamente, cinco épocas de muestreo (2; 4; 6; 8 y 10 días después de la aplicación) y evaluación en dos posiciones en la planta (ápice y base). Fue evaluada la producción de semillas, masa y tenor de agua de 100 semillas. Los desecantes evaluados fueron eficientes en la reducción del tenor de agua de las semillas, sin afectar la productividad y la masa de 100 semillas.