La principal variedad de peral cultivada en España, "Agua de Aranjuez", se caracteriza por una marcada tendencia a los cuajados erráticos. A consecuencia de esto y con el fin de estabilizar producciones, la aplicación de ácido giberélico para la inducción de frutos partenocárpicos se ha convertido en una práctica generalizada. La creciente preocupación por la regularización de hormonas de síntesis en fruticultura puede poner en riesgo la producción de este cultivar. El mal comportamiento productivo de "Agua de Aranjuez", se ha intentado explicar sobre la base de numerosas hipótesis. En este artículo revisamos los últimos resultados obtenidos en este cultivar, determinando la importancia relativa de diferentes factores reproductivos que contribuyen a explicar los cuajados erráticos. En base a estos resultados se propone una alternativa agronómica a su actual sistema de producción, basada en el establecimiento de unas adecuadas condiciones de polinización.

Apples and pears are fruit crops particularly susceptible to cropping irregularities. A strong relationship has been observed between the effective pollination period (EPP) and the general cropping of the orchard. The EPP concept has also been proven to be a useful parameter to establish a relationship between the variation in the reproductive process and cropping behaviors. For apples and pears, a slow pollen tube growth has been shown to be the main limiting factor of the EPP in the traditional cooler temperate cultivation regions. However, while higher temperatures speed up the pollen tube growth, the expansion of these crops into warmer areas often results in failures of fruit set. Thus, with the aim to ascertain the main limiting factor responsible for fruit set failures in Mediterranean conditions we have evaluated the EPP for two consecutive years in `Agua de Aranjuez' pear, the main Spanish cultivar, by studying the stigmatic receptivity, pollen tube kinetics, and ovule development. Complete flower fertility was maintained for just 2 days after anthesis in both years. Pollen tube kinetics and ovule degeneration do not appear to limit flower receptivity. However, the stigmatic receptivity expressed as flowers with at least one receptive stigma, closely matches the duration of the EPP evaluated from fruit set experiments. This was consistent over the 2 years of experiments, in spite of the differences recorded in the EPP, suggesting that stigmatic receptivity is clearly the limiting factor of flower receptivity. This is the first report for stigmatic receptivity limiting the EPP in pears and suggests that stigmatic receptivity could be an important factor limiting pear flower receptivity and hence cropping performance under warmer conditions.