To optimize Drosophila suzukii rearing and establish mass rearing its local parasitoids, this washing method collects pupae from wheat germ diet. The diet consists of purified water (480 ml), raw wheat germ (100 g), table sugar (45 g), Brewer's yeast (35 g), and maize flour (30 g). Preparation requires stirring and boiling all ingredients for 7 minutes, then cooling to room temperature. Implementation of the method allows collecting clean pupae and compiling them into a smaller space, so it helps mass rearing D. suzukii and its parasitoids. Additionally, it could facilitate execution of other ideas with potential to control the pest, among them, the sterile insect technique and sterile insect technique + entomopathogenic fungi.

Objective. To measure the in vitro fermentation variables of a cellulolytic bacteria consortium (CBC) isolated from a water buffalo rumen in coculture with total ruminal bacteria (TRB) on two fibrous substrates. Materials and Methods. A CBC was isolated from the ruminal fluid of a female water buffalo in selective cellulolytic media. The experimental design was completely random with a 3x2 factorial arrangement; factors were treatments [TRB, CBC, and coculture (TRB + CBC)] and substrates (cobra grass and corn stover). Total gas and methane (CH4) production were measured at different time intervals. At 72 h, measurements were taken of pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), dry matter degradation (DMD), neutral detergent fiber degradation (NDFD) and total bacteria population. Results. Gas production with both substrates was highest (p≤0.05) in the coculture at 3, 6 and 24 h. At 48 and 72 h, gas production in the cobra grass was highest (p≤0.05) in the coculture. The coculture and TRB did not differ (p>0.05) in terms of CH4, DMD and NDFD values at 48 and 72 h. With the cobra grass, NH3-N concentration was higher (p≤0.05) in the coculture than in the TRB. Conclusion. The gas production and dry matter degradation values of the water buffalo rumen cellulolytic bacteria consortia indicate them to be a promising alternative for improving cobra grass structural carbohydrates degradation when in coculture with bovine ruminal bacteria. | Objetivo. Determinar las variables fermentativas in vitro de un consorcio bacteriano celulolítico (CBC) aislado de una búfala de agua en cocultivo con bacterias ruminales totales (BRT) en sustratos fibrosos. Materiales y métodos. Un CBC se aisló de fluido ruminal de una búfala de agua en medios selectivos celulolíticos. El diseño experimental fue un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 3x2, los factores fueron tratamientos [BRT, CBC y un cocultivo (BRT + CBC)] y sustratos (pasto pangola y rastrojo de maíz). La producción de gas total y metano (CH4) se midieron a diferentes intervalos de tiempo. Además, se estimó pH, nitrógeno amoniacal (N-NH3), degradación de materia seca (DMS) y de fibra detergente neutro (DFDN), y la población de bacterias totales a 72 h de incubación. Resultados. El cocultivo produjo mayor (p≤0.05) cantidad de gas a las 3, 6 y 24 h en ambos sustratos. A las 48 y 72 h, el cocultivo produjo mayor (p≤0.05) gas en pasto cobra. El cocultivo y las BRT no presentaron diferencias (p>0.05) en la producción de CH4 a 48 y 72 h, y en DMS y DFDN (p>0.05). En el pasto cobra, la concentración de N-NH3 con el cocultivo fue mayor (p≤0.05) que con BRT. Conclusión La producción de gas y degradación de materia seca de los consorcios bacterianos celulolíticos procedentes del rumen de una búfala de agua muestran que son una alternativa para mejorar la fermentación de carbohidratos estructurales del pasto cobra cuando se cocultivan con bacterias ruminales bovinas.

Água-mel is a honey-based traditional product typically produced in southern Portugal. The evolution of some parameters during its production using two distinct containers (aluminium and stainless steel with a water cooling system) and two heating sources (gas heating and electricity) were evaluated. All parameters, except moisture, increased over time, reaching a ‘plateau’ after 8 h of heating. Moisture, free acidity, HMF (hydroxymethylfurfural), colour, melanoidins, phenols and glucose depended on the producer and procedure for obtaining água-mel. Kinetic parameters and correlation coefficients were determined. In general, changes in parameters during água-mel production followed zero- and/or first-order kinetics, depending on the producer and heating system.

O risco eminente de escassez hídrica que cresce de maneira alarmante em várias regiões do mundo tem fomentado a adoção de métodos de irrigação mais eficientes, assim como, mudanças estratégicas no manejo da irrigação. Dentre essas tecnologias destacam-se o gotejamento subsuperficial e a irrigação deficitária. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar a produtividade, produtividade da água, teor e extração de nutrientes em Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, submetida a cinco potenciais de água no solo; 0, 50, 75, 100 e 125% da evapotranspiração potencial da cultura (ETc). O trabalho foi conduzido na área experimental da Universidade Federal de Viçosa – Campus de Rio Paranaíba, MG, localizado nas coordenadas 19º 12’ 43” S e 46º 07’ 56” W. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, onde as médias foram comparadas por regressão e pelo teste Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados demonstram que o déficit hídrico reduziu até 54% da produtividade, mas aumentou 27% da eficiência no uso da água. A produtividade da lâmina 75% ETc foi semelhante a irrigação plena, podendo esta, ser uma alternativa para locais que apresentem restrições hídricas. Por outro lado, as lâminas de irrigação por gotejamento subsuperficial não influenciaram o teor de NPK, no entanto, reduziram a quantidade de nutriente extraído. Existem fortes correlações entre a extração de N, P e K na parte aérea das plantas e produção de matéria seca. | The imminent risk of growing water scarcity in many regions of the world has encouraged the adoption of more efficient irrigation methods as well as strategic changes in irrigation management. Among these technologies are subsurface drip irrigation and deficit irrigation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the productivity, water productivity, nutrient content and extraction in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, submitted to five soil water potentials;0, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of potential crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The work was conducted at the experimental area of the Federal University of Viçosa - Rio Paranaíba Campus, MG, located at coordinates 19º 12 '43 "S and 46º 07' 56" W. A completely randomized design with four replicates was used, where averages were compared by regression and by the Tukey test, at 5% probability. The results demonstrate that water deficit reduced up to 54% of productivity, but increased 27% of water use efficiency. The productivity of the 75% ETc blade was similar to full irrigation, and this could be an alternative for sites with water restrictions. On the other hand, sub-surface irrigation slides did not influence the NPK content, however, they reduced the amount of nutrient extracted. There are strong correlations between the extraction of N, P and K in the aerial part of the plants and dry matter production. | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad el rediseño del Programa de Uso Eficiente y Ahorro del Agua (PUEAA) del Club Campestre Bellavista – Colsubsidio, debido a que el programa actual presenta falencias entorno a la caracterización de los procesos y cuantificación de los consumos de agua, lo cual es la base para la correcta formulación del programa, de esta manera, el club no cuenta con un programa que se encuentre adaptado a las necesidades de la organización. Por lo anterior, se busca rediseñar el PUEAA mediante el planteamiento de acciones de mejora entorno al manejo integral del recurso hídrico. La metodología empleada en la investigación se basó en la Guía de Ahorro y Uso Eficiente del Agua del Ministerio del Medio Ambiente del año 2002, teniendo en cuenta algunas estrategias de Producción Más Limpia (PML) y el esquema de mejoramiento continuo: Planear – Hacer – Verificar – Actuar (Ciclo PHVA). A partir del reconocimiento de la organización y la identificación de los procesos se logró proponer acciones de mejora en cada uno de los subprogramas del PUEAA, como la instalación de medidores acumulativos, la implementación de dispositivos ahorradores de agua en los servicios hidrosanitarios, recolección y reutilización de aguas lluvias, y por último la implementación de la metodología WET (Educación Hídrica para Docentes por sus siglas en inglés) en las actividades recreativas de la organización, con el fin de promover el uso eficiente del agua dentro de las instalaciones del club. | Ingeniero Ambiental | Pregrado | This project is related to redesign the efficient use and water saving program of Club Campestre Bellavista - Colsubsidio, since the current program has shortcomings regarding the characterization of the processes and quantification of water consumption, which is the basis for the correct formulation of the program, in this way, the club does not have a program that adapts to the company’s needs. Therefore, the aim is to redesign the efficient use and water saving Program of Club Campestre Bellavista through the proposal of environmental improvement actions around the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The methodology used in this project was based on the Efficient Water Saving and Use Guide of the Ministry of the Environment in 2002, taking into account some Cleaner Production Strategies and the continuous improvement scheme: Plan - Do - Check - Act (PDCA cycle). From the recognition of the company and the identification of the processes, it was possible to propose improvement actions in each one of the subprograms, such as the installation of cumulative meters, the implementation of water saving devices in the sanitary services, collection and reuse of rain water, and finally the implementation of the WET methodology (Water Education for Teachers) in the recreational activities of the company, in order to promote the efficient use of water within the club facilities.

A moringa é uma espécie com alta capacidade de adaptar-se a condições adversas, possuindo um elevado potencial de exploração. Com isso, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento inicial da moringa submetidas a diferentes níveis salinos em diferentes substratos. O experimento foi realizado em ambiente protegido, utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em um fatorial 2 x 4, onde foram aplicados dois níveis de salinidade (NS₁ = 0,3 e NS₂ = 3,3 dSm^-1) e quatro substratos (SUB₁= Solo + esterco bovino curtido na proporção 9:1; SUB₂= SUB₁ + 25 mg dm^-3 de N; SUB₃= SUB1 + 50 mg dm^-3 de N e SUB₄= SUB₁ + 100 mg dm^-3 de N), com quatro repetições e quatro plantas por repetição. As plantas foram germinadas em recipientes com capacidade de 5 dm³, aonde foram conduzidas por 90 dias após a semeadura. Nesse período as plantas foram avaliadas quanto ao crescimento e acúmulo de fitomassa. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação de 0,3 para 3,3 dS m^-1 reduz o crescimento e o acúmulo de massa seca das mudas de moringa. O substrato contendo solo e esterco bovino na proporção 9:1 é adequado para produção de mudas de moringa na ausência de estresse salino. A adição de 25 e 50 mg dm^-3 de N ao substrato composto por solo e esterco bovino na proporção 9:1 atenuou o estresse salino sobre as plantas de moringa, sendo adequado para produção de mudas de espécies sobre condições de estresse salino. | Moringa is a species with high capacity to adapt to adverse conditions, possessing a high exploitation potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial growth of the moringa submitted to different saline levels in different substrates. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment using a randomized block design in a 2 x 4 factorial, where two salinity levels (NS₁ = 0.3 and NS₂ = 3.3 dSm^-1) and four substrates (SUB₁ = Soil + bovine manure tanned in the ratio 9: 1;, SUB₂ = SUB₁ + 25 mg dm^-3 of N, SUB₃ = SUB₁ + 50 mg dm^-3 of N and SUB₄ = SUB₁ + 100 mg dm^-3 of N), with four replicates and four plants per replicate. The plants were germinated in containers with a capacity of 5 dm³, where they were conducted for 90 days after sowing. During this period the plants were evaluated for the growth and accumulation of phytomass. Increasing the salinity of irrigation water from 0.3 to 3.3 dS m^-1 reduces growth and dry mass accumulation of moringa seedlings. The substrate containing soil and cattle manure in the ratio 9: 1 is suitable for production of moringa seedlings in the absence of saline stress. The addition of 25 and 50 mg dm^-3 of N to the substrate composed of soil and cattle manure in the ratio 9: 1 attenuated the saline stress on the moringa plants, being suitable for production of species seedlings under conditions of salt stress.

A intensa evaporação, deficiência em drenagem e uso inadequado de fertilizantes têm aumentado os problemas com a salinidade, ocasionando prejuízos no rendimento das culturas. Objetivou-se avaliar a produção e qualidade do meloeiro em função do osmocondicionamento da semente e níveis de salinidade da água. O experimento foi realizado no delineamento de blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas do tipo 4 x 2, com quatro repetições. A parcela foi composta por quatro níveis de salinidade da água (0,3, 1,0, 1,7 e 2,4 dS m-1) e nas sub parcelas de plantas oriundas de sementes osmocondicionadas (tratadas e não tratadas com solução salina de NaCl). A cultivar utilizada foi a Rangers do grupo Cantaloupe, cultivada no espaçamento de 2,0 x 0,4 m. As características avaliadas foram relacionadas à produção e qualidade dos frutos de melão. O osmocondicionamento das sementes em solução de NaCl afetou os componentes de produção do meloeiro em que a massa do fruto foi maior em plantas advindas de sementes tratadas com NaCl. A massa do fruto contribuiu mais do que o número de frutos por planta na formação da produtividade da cultura e que essa diferença foi significativa apenas em condições de baixa salinidade da água de 0,3 dS m-1. A qualidade do fruto do meloeiro não foi alterada pelo osmocondicionamento da semente com NaCl e plantas irrigadas com água de salinidade de 2,4 dS m-1 reduziram sua produção e qualidade de frutos de melão. | The intense evaporation, drainage deficiency and inadequate use of fertilizers have increased problems with salinity, causing losses in crop yields. It was aimed to evaluate the yield and quality of muskmelon plants due to the priming of seed and levels of water salinity. The experiment was conducted in split type 4 x 2 plots allocated in a randomized block design with four replications. The plot consisted of 4 irrigation water salinity levels (0.3, 1.0, 1.7 and 2.4 dS m-1) and sub plots of plants from seed treated and not treated with saline NaCl. It was evaluated the characteristics related to production and quality of melon fruit. The cultivar used was the Rangers of the Cantaloupe group planted in the spacing of 2.0 x 0.4 m. The priming of the seeds NaCl solution affected the melon yield components in the fruit mass was higher in plants originated from seeds treated with NaCl. In the formation of productivity, she became apparent the fruit mass contributed more than the number of fruit per plant and this difference was significant only under low water salinity of 0.3 dS m-1. The quality of the melon fruit was not affected by seed priming with NaCl and plants irrigated with saline water of 2.4 dS m-1 reduced their production and fruit quality of melon.

Las lagunas costeras constituyen un refugio para la fauna marina, siendo importantes áreas de desove y crianza de juveniles de peces y crustáceos de valor comercial; pero los impactos humanos pueden afectar la salud de la fauna que allí se desarrolla. Para conocer su posible contaminación se caracterizó el agua y los sedimentos superficiales del sistema lagunar de Tunas de Zaza, hábitat de juveniles de camarón Litopenaeus schmitti y peces. Se determinaron parámetros físico-químicos del agua y sedimentos de cinco lagunas costeras realizando cuatro muestreos en el período 2013-2014. Los resultados del agua mostraron valores de nitrito y amonio propios de ecosistemas de recirculación de agua restringida. El fósforo presentó valores promedios por debajo de lo reportado para estos ecosistemas y por debajo del establecido en la Norma Cubana de referencia para aguas de buena calidad para el cultivo de peces. El silicato presentó valores normales de ambientes marinos, los sólidos totales fueron bajos, la DQO presentó concentraciones superiores a 3 mg/L debido a los aportes orgánicos de lenta biodegradabilidad y la poca recirculación de agua, no considerándose indicativos de contaminación. El carbón orgánico correspondió a sedimentos estabilizados. En general los niveles de nutrientes obtenidos son propios de sistemas acuáticos de recirculación restringida y coinciden con lo reportado para otras zonas costeras cubanas y de otras regiones similares del mundo. | The coastal lagoons are a haven for marine wildlife, be important spawning and rearing of juvenile fish and crustaceans of commercial value; but human impacts may affect the health of wildlife that takes place there. To know its possible contamination was characterized of surface water and sediments of the lagoon system Tunas de Zaza, habitat of juvenile fish and shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti. Physico-chemical parameters of the water and sediments of five lagoons were determined making four samples in the period 2013-2014. Water results showed values of nitrite and ammonium own restricted recirculation water ecosystems. Phosphorus presented average values below those reported for these ecosystems and under the provisions of the Cuban Standard for good quality water for fish cultivation. Silicate had normal values of marine environments, the total solids were low COD introduced concentrations above 3 mg/L due to organic inputs slow biodegradability and little water recirculation, not considered indicative of contamination. Organic carbon corresponded to stabilized sediment. In general, the levels of nutrients obtained are typical of restricted recirculation aquatic systems and coincide with what has been reported for other Cuban coastal zones and other similar regions of the world. | Published

Palestra apresentada no âmbito do Ciclo "Árvores e seus habitats", organizado pela Fabre Actum - Associação Para a Dinamização, Defesa & Animação de Patrimónios e Artes. | info:eu-repo/semantics/draft

En el territorio de borde urbano rural del sur de Bogotá confluyen distintas lógicas del nivel local, regional y nacional, que expresan diversas formas de apropiación en ocasiones contrarias y contradictorias. Todo lo anterior se ve reflejado en la forma en que los habitantes del territorio de borde urbano rural de Usme y Ciudad Bolívar desarrollan su cotidianidad, así como en la manera en que se relacionan con la institucionalidad y con su entorno.