The use of high quality seeds constitutes in one of the responsible factors of the success of a fieldwork. Because of that, this work was elaborated to evaluate the physiological quality of cotton seeds of two to cultivars Green BRS and CNPA 7H submitted to two levels of moisture content and stored for 12 months. It was used the delineation entirely random, using a factorial arrangement 2 x 3 x 5, with four repetitions, being two for cotton cultivars, two for moisture content (S.0 - seeds with 10%, S.1 - seeds with 8%) and five periods of storage in dry chamber (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months). The application laboratory tests were: germination, moisture content and vigour (first counting of germination, seedlings length and precocious aging). The results show that the quality of the cotton seed was superior in the seeds with tenor of 10% of humidity of variety BRS Green throughout the storage, in the different analyzed laboratory tests.

En septiembre de 2003, campesinos mazahuas de Villa de Allende, Estado de México sufrieron inundaciones en 300 hectáreas de cultivo por el desbordamiento del río Malacatepec proveniente de la presa de Villa Victoria, del sistema Cutzamala. Esta fue la razón para que los campesinos se organizaran para exigir el pago de sus cultivos. Al cabo de tres meses de espera, en febrero de 2004, los mazahuas iniciaron una serie de acciones colectivas y se constituyeron como el Frente para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos y Recursos Naturales del Pueblo Mazahua. Después de un año de movilizaciones surgió el Ejército Zapatista de Mujeres en Defensa del Agua, el cual tuvo un importante impacto mediático que logró ejercer presión política ante las instancias involucradas, para beneficio del movimiento. El objetivo de este documento es presentar los hallazgos más significativos de la participación de los mazahuas en la movilización; así como dar a conocer las causas que generan este importante movimiento político, el cual trascendió más allá del pago de daños a los cultivos, logrando consolidar otras demandas tales como: la dotación de agua potable y de servicios básicos, así como de un plan de desarrollo sustentable para las comunidades. | On September, 2003, Mazahua peasants from Villa de Allende, State of México, suffered flooding on 300 hectares of crops because of overflowing of the Malacatepec River, originating from the Villa Victoria dam of the Cutzamala system. This was the reason why the peasants organized themselves to demand payment of their crops. After three months of waiting, in February 2004, the Mazahua began a series of collective actions and came together as the Frente para la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos y Recursos Naturales del Pueblo Mazahua. After one year of mobilization, the Ejército Zapatista de Mujeres en Defensa del Agua arose, which turned out to have an important media impact that was able to exercise political pressure on the instances involved, in benefit of the movement. The objective of this document is to present the most significant findings regarding the participation of Mazahua people in the movement. Also, to expose the causes that generated this important political movement, which transcended beyond payment of crop damages, consolidating other demands such as: provision of drinking water and basic services, as well as a plan for sustainable development for the communities.

Los problemas de congelamiento del fluido caloportador en regiones frías con temperaturas bajo cero han sido resueltos mediante el uso de materiales de mayor costo y tecnologías más complejas. En este trabajo se profundiza la idea de calentar aire e intercambiar calor con el agua de manera que el sistema de intercambio no esté expuesto a congelamiento. Se detallan aspectos constructivos, resultados experimentales y comparación con otros tipos de calentadores solares de agua con funcionamiento similar. La eficiencia global promedio obtenida es del orden del 45 %, cumpliendo con las expectativas para bajas temperaturas ambientales. La complejidad constructiva es baja y su costo razonable. | The problems caused by freezing of the heat provider fluid in cold regions with below zero temperatures have been solved increasing the equipment cost. This work goes deeper into the idea of heating air and exchange heat with water so that the exchange system is not exposed to freezing. The construction aspects are detailed as well as the experimental results and the comparison with other types of solar water heaters with similar operational systems. The average global efficiency obtained is approximately 45%, thus meeting the expectations for low environmental temperatures. The construction complexity is low and the cost is manageable. | Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES)

El proyecto consiste en cubrir las necesidades de energía eléctrica y agua potable del centro de salud de Minehuene (Mozambique), mediante energía solar fotovoltaica y térmica. La cobertura de la demanda de electricidad del centro se realiza mediante un sistema de energía fotovoltaico. Para la obtención de agua potable se evalúan diferentes alternativas: pasteurización del agua de lluvia mediante paneles solares térmicos, purificación de esta agua mediante lámparas ultravioletas u obtención de agua potable de un pozo mediante bombeo con módulos fotovoltaicos. También se dota al centro de salud de agua caliente sanitaria gracias a paneles solares térmicos

Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Tecnologias Ambientais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia | This paper concerns a Master Thesis in Environmental Engineering. The main subject is the water management in the industrial sector, particularly in the cement industry. As we all know water is an essential resource for life, and it has been mistreated in the last decades by Men. The major water consumer in the world is agriculture, followed by industry and finally by the domestic sector. So it is very important to understand if industry is taking the right choices in going towards a sustainable water use. In this case-study, Centro de Produção de Alhandra, one of the biggest cement plants in Portugal will be analyzed in several aspects concerning water care and water management, such as: networks of water supply, water treatment plants, wastewater discharge points into natural environment, wastewater monitoring, water treatment plants maintenance plans, water consumption and actions for its rationalization. Finally, some possible improvements in the existing system are pointed out with the ultimate objective of reducing water consumption or increasing the efficiency of water use.---------------------------Este trabalho consiste no levantamento de todas as questões relacionadas com a gestão da água na indústria cimenteira, nomeadamente, no Centro de Produção de Alhandra da CIMPOR – Indústria de Cimentos, S.A.. Serão analisadas as redes de abastecimento de águas, as linhas de tratamento de águas, os pontos de descarga de águas no meio natural, a monitorização de águas residuais, os planos de manutenção dos sistemas de tratamento de águas, os consumos de água e descargas de águas residuais e ainda as medidas de racionalização do consumo de água implantadas na empresa. Após a análise detalhada de todos estes aspectos apresentam-se algumas propostas de melhoria que podem conduzir a um uso mais eficiente da água ou à redução do seu consumo.

RESUMEN: Introducción. El análisis de variables fisicoquímicas y el empleo de macroinvertebrados como testigos de la calidad del agua son métodos complementarios en los procesos de evaluación de las condiciones ambientales. Las razones de la utilización de estos organismos como indicadores se fundamentan principalmente en sus ciclos de vida más prolongados en comparación con otros organismos acuáticos inferiores, y poca movilidad. A través del empleo de las variables fisicoquímicas, macroinvertebrados acuáticos e índices de calidad, se pretende prevenir la contaminación de los recursos hídricos, orientado hacia la búsqueda de estrategias de producción más limpia con el fin de reducir los impactos ambientales en estos ecoambientes. Objetivo. Determinar la calidad del agua de la quebrada La Ayurá a través del análisis de variables fisicoquímicas y la comunidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos. Materiales y métodos. En noviembre de 2007, enero y febrero de 2008, se muestreó en tres estaciones ubicadas en la parte alta, media y baja de la quebrada. En cada estación se midieron variables fisicoquímicas y se tomaron muestras de macroinvertebrados acuáticos con la red Surber. Resultados. En total se contaron 1655 organismos distribuidos en 59 taxones, de los cuales sobresalieron por su abundancia Leptonema, Haplotaxida y Baetodes. El comportamiento espacial de la conductividad eléctrica, turbiedad, alcalinidad total y sólidos disueltos guarda una estrecha relación con las características eco- fisiológicas de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos. Conclusión. En la estación 1 se presentó una buena calidad del agua y en las estaciones 2 y 3 de buena a mediana calidad, pero evidenciando un mayor deterioro en la 3 como consecuencia del aporte de las descargas de aguas residuales vertidas a la quebrada y a la presencia de residuos sólidos en proximidades de las estaciones de muestreo. | ABSTRACT: Introduction. The analysis of physical and chemical variables and the use of macro invertebrates as witnesses of the quality of water are complementary methods in the evaluation processes for environmental conditions. The reason for the use of these micro organisms as indicators is based mainly on their life cycles, which are longer than those of other aquatic inferior organisms. Besides, macro invertebrates present lower mobility levels. The idea is, by the use of the physical and chemical variables, the aquatic macro invertebrates and quality indexes, to prevent the contamination of water, with cleaner production strategies that reduce environmental negative impacts. Objective. To determine the quality of water from the Ayurá creek, by the analysis of physical and chemical variables and the community of aquatic macro invertebrates. Materials ad methods. In November 2007 and January and February 2008, samples were taken from three stations located in the high, medium and low parts of the creek. In each station the physical/chemical variables were measured, and samples of macro invertebrates were taken with the Surber net. Results. A total number of 1655 organisms, distributed in 59 taxa, were counted. From them, the most abundant were Leptonema, Haplotaxida and Baetodes. The space behavior of electric conductivity, turbidity, total alkalinity and solids dissolved keeps a close relation with the ecophysiological characteristics of aquatic macro invertebrates. Conclusion. In station 1there was a good quality of the water and in stations 2 and 3 that quality was considered between good and medium. The highest deterioration took place in station 3, as a consequence of the pouring of external waste water into the creek and the presence of solid wastes near the sampling stations. | COL0009832