Forestales-Forestería

The purpose of the present research was to study the drought effect, on the hybrid maize AN- 310 and its progenitors and to determine the plant internal water relation. The research was carried out in 1991 in the CIFAP-Aguascalientes Mexico, in a glass fiver green house at 25 C and 50% relative moisture. The drought levels were -1, -4, -6 and -8 bares into plant water potential at the 5:00 a.m. The results were: i.- the water relative content was the best indicator of the plant internal water relation, because of a high correlation with the water potential (r=0.82), leaf elongation (r=0.85) and net transpiration rate (r=0.73); ii.- all genotipes ceased the leaf elongation and net transpiration rate at water potential of -8 bars; iii.- the AN-310 hybrid was the genotype with higher leaf elongation and net rate transpiration; iv.- the VS-201M and AN(2) genotypes were who gave the drought tolerance characteristic of the AN-310. | El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de la sequia sobre el hibrido de maiz AN-310 y sus progenitores y determinar en estos las relaciones internas de agua en la planta. El trabajo se desarrollo en 1991 en el CIFAP-Aguascalientes, en un invernadero de fibra de vidrio a una temperatura de 25 C y una humedad relativa del 50(%). Los tratamientos de sequia fueron -1, -4, -6 y -8 bares de potencial hidrico en la planta a las 5:00 a.m. Los resultados fueron: i.- el contenido relativo de agua fue el mejor indicador de las relaciones internas de agua en la planta, correlacionando con el potencial hidrico (r = 0.82), elongacion de la hoja (r=0.85) y tasa transpiratoria (r=0.73); ii.- a h de -8 bares cesa la elongacion de hoja y tasa transpiratoria; iii.- el hibrido AN-310 fue el genotipo que presento mayor elongacion de hoja y tasa transpiratoria; iv.- los genotipos VS-201M y AN(2) fueron los donadores de las caracteristicas de tolerancia a sequia del AN-310.

Tomando en consideracion la importancia de buscar metodos de control de plagas del nopal (Opuntia spp.), preservando el ambiente, se probo el efecto de veinte aspersiones de agua helada (temperatura de cerca de 0 (grados centigrados), una cada tres dias, contra picudo barrenador (Cactophagus spinolae Gyll.), picudo de la espina (Cylindrocopturus birradiatus Champ.), chinche gris (Chelinidea tabulata Burm.) y chinche roja (Hesperolabops gelastops Kirk.), que estaban infestando a una plantacion en Milpa Alta, Mexico, D.F., en la etapa de crecimiento vegetativo y reproductivo. Se probaron dos tratamientos: aspersion de agua helada y testigo, bajo un diseno experimental completamente al azar con cinco repeticiones. Se logro la mortalidad de huevecillos en las cuatro plagas de un 70 a un 80 %; abatimiento de larvas de picudo barrenador y picudo de la espina de un 60 a 65 %, disminucion de ninfas en chinche gris y chinche roja, y se observo migracion de los adultos en las cuatro plagas hacia plantas no tratadas. | Taking into account the importance of finding new methods to control pests on Opuntia spp., taking care of the environmental preservation, the effect of cold water (close to 0 (centigrades)) against Cactophagus spinolae Gyll., Cylindrocopturus birradiatus Champ., Chelinidea tabulata Burm. and Hesperolabops gelastops Kirk. was investigated, in Milpa Alta, Mexico, D.F.; twenty water sprays applications, one every three days, were done. Eggs mortality of all the four species was 70-80 %; larvae death of Cactophagus spinolae Gyll. and Cylindrocopturus birradiatus Champ. was 60-65 %; and there was a reduction of ninphae of Cheliniddea tabulata Burm. and Hesperolabops gelastops Kirk. Cold water treatments produced migration of all the four species adults from treated plants to nontreated ones.

Para o estudo da viabilidade do Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) para processamento tecnológico, foram testados os processos de defumação, salga e secagem e enlatamento. Analisou-se também a farinha dos resíduos. Utilizou-se peixes provenientes de tanques de piscicultura do município de Piracicaba-SP e o produto final foi avaliado para o consumo na merenda escolar municipal. Foram feitas análises quanto aos teores de lipídeos, umidade, proteína e cinza. Os produtos processados por salga, defumação e enlatamento foram analisados também quanto ao teor de sal (NaCl); os defumados e enlatados foram submetidos a análise sensorial com avaliação de aparência, cor, aroma, sabor e textura. O pacu "in natura", defumado, salgado seco e enlatado apresentou, em porcentagem, respectivamente, 18,99; 23,80; 52,53; 18,59 de proteína, 3,79; 2,69; 18,31; 14,34 de lipídeos e 1,82; 3,13; 17,76; 2,79 de cinza. Para o pacu enlatado 56% e 33% dos degustadores o classificaram como um produto de excelente e bom sabor. O pacu defumado foi classificado como de excelente sabor por 25% dos provadores e de bom sabor por 55%. | "Pacu" (Piaractus mesopotamicus), a freshwater fish, was used with the purpose of studying its quality when smoked, salted and dried, and canned. Waste flour was also analysed. Fish from a fish farm of Piracicaba,SP was used. The intended final use was children's school meal. The results of the analysis of the final products for moisture, protein, lipids, ash and NaCl, in percent, were, respectively, 11.36; 52.53; 18.31; 17.76; 16.25 for the salted and dried fish; 70.25; 23.80; 2.69; 3.13; 1.17 for smoked fish; 62.19; 18.59; 14.34; 2.79; 1.29 for canned fish and 15.73; 42.94; 20.91; 20.42 (NaCl not available) for the waste flour. The smoked and the canned fishes were submitted to taste panels. For the canned product the results were: aspect in the can: 89% excellent and 11% good; aspect on plate: 56% excellent and 44% good; odor: 67% excellent and 33% good; taste: 56% excellent, 33% good and 11% regular and texture: 22% excellent, 56% good and 22% regular (none of the above got the not acceptable note). For the smoked fish the results were, aspect: 45% excellent and 55% good; odor: 35% excellent, 60% good and 5% regular; taste: 25% excellent, 55% good and 20% regular and texture: 50% excellent and 50% good (none got not acceptable grade).

El estado de arte de investigación en el programa de manejo de recursos de agua y tierra hace referencia a los antecedentes, enfoques, análisis de proyectos y logros principales de los programas afines que antecedieron a la creación del mismo. La descripción de los enfoques y líneas de investigación del orden institucional, están fundamentados en el Plania II del programa manejo de aguas y del programa manejo de suelos.