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Growing plants on vermicompost as a way to produce high quality foods
2000
Kostecka, J. | Blazej, J. (Agricultural Academy in Krakow, Rzeszow (Poland). Inst. of the Natural Bases of the Agricultural Production)
During the period 1993-97 experiments were conducted to check a features of carrot, cucumber, tomato, leek, celery and potato cultivated on vermicompost and mineral fertilizers. Vermicompost had been produced from cattle manure using a very strict technology. Samples of plants from vermicompost and mineral fertilizers were compared and contents of nitrates and heavy metals in them were determined. To compare the relative "tastiness" of vegetable produced by mineral fertilization or vermicompost addition, blind-testing was undertaken using a group of five people
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-][Agricultural production distribution in Belgium]
2000
Lenders, S. (Centrum voor Landbouweconomie, Brussel (Belgium))
[Regulation techniques in agricultural crops production]
2000
Demo, M. | Bielek, P. (Slovenska Polnohospodarska Univ., Nitra (Slovak Republic))
Contents: 1/ Country space as an object of production process. 2/ Process of production in countryside space. 3/ Soil as an object of production process. 4/ Water as general medium of transport, substance change and energy in production process. 5/ Energetic process regulation in rural country. 6/ System of reduction process regulation rural country. 7/ Weed and the technologied regulating their occurence in crop covers and cultures. 8/ Man as consumer production process. Products
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Traits of agricultural production in Shanghai, China
2000
Hosono, K. (Kyushu Kyoritsu Univ., Kitakyushu, Fukuoka (Japan)) | Yamamoto, J. | Yu, J. | Yoshioka, T.
Integrating science and agricultural production in Turkmenistan
2000
Kherremov, S. (Turkmen Agricultural Univ., Ashgabat (Turkmenistan). Faculty of Veterinary Science)
Profitable canola production in the Northern Agricultural Region 2000 | Profitable canola production in your district | Northern Agricultural Region 2000
2000
Cox, Adrian
Analysis of the risk in agricultural production process
2000
Kusz, A. | Pazur, R. (Akademia Rolnicza, Lublin (Poland). Katedra Podstaw Techniki)
Situations connected with appearing definite threats and disturbances in agricultural production process belong to important category of decision making prblems. These threats are characterised by undeterministic dynamics and the problematic situations are conceptualized as a group property of plantation and production environment. Modelling of such situations results from the necessity of getting computer aided procedures of preventive or correcting character. Paper describes a certain class of decision making problems related to agricultural production processes
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Measurement of technical efficiency in Thai agricultural production
2000
Wirat Krasachat(King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Agricultural Technology. Department of Agricultural business Administration)
Primary purpose of this study is to measure technical efficiency in Thai agricultural production during the period 1972 to 1994. Unlike past studies, this study decomposes technical efficiency into its pure technical and scale components. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach and annual data from 1972 to 1994 for four regions in Thailand are used. The empirical results suggest that there are significant possibilities to increase efficiency levels by increasing farm size. In addition, the availabilities of new land and the diversity of climate, natural resources, etc., could have had an influence on technical efficiency in Thai agricultural production.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Efficient use of nutrients in agricultural production systems
2000
Johnston, A.E.
In the 1950s and 1960s, the near universal aim was to increase food production at almost any cost. The introduction of improved cultivars and chemicals to control weeds, pests and diseases justified the use of more fertilizers. Worldwide, the largest increase was in the use of nitrogen (N), partly because it had the largest effect on yield and partly because large quantities were available once fixed N was no longer required for use in the weapons of war. Many developed countries, however, were comparatively quick to satisfy their food needs by the intensification of local production and imports. Interest then turned to issues related to the impact of this intensified agriculture on the environment. Among the more important issues were the increasing concentrations of nitrate in potable water. Although these increases were, simplistically, related to the increased use of fertilizers, they led to a greater interest in fertilizer use efficiency. Increasing fertilizer use efficiency must be seen as a component of integrated plant nutrient management. Integrated because farmers should consider all nutrient sources available to them when deciding fertilizer rates; management because all decisions will have to be taken at the field level by each farmer. The latter requires guidelines. For N, annual field-specific recommendations will be required because after harvest there is little or no mineral N residue from the fertilizer in the soil to benefit subsequent crops and any nitrate can be readily lost from the soil by leaching and denitrification. For many crops, N use efficiency, determined by the difference method, has improved greatly but there is concern that a significant proportion, perhaps 20% for rainfed cereals and more for paddy rice, of the applied fertilizer N still cannot be accounted for. The difference method for assessing efficiency may not be appropriate for nutrients like phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Calculating the P or K balance and determining its effect on readily soluble P and K in soil may be more useful. This is because only very small amounts of P and K are usually lost from soil and on many soils, a part, at least, of the residue from each application accumulates as a plant available reserve. Thus, a critical level of readily soluble P and K can be determined for each crop on each soil. The guideline to farmers would be to maintain their soils just above the appropriate critical value and assess the efficiency of different nutrient sources on their ability to maintain readily soluble soil reserves.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Land tenure, investment, and agricultural production in Nicaragua
2000
J. Foltz | B.A. Larson | R. Lopez
While there is a consensus in Nicaragua that the security of property rights is a fundamental constraint to the long run development of the agricultural sector, there has been little empirical analysis to date of the relationship between land rights and rural economic activity.Using household level data collected between December, 1997– April, 1998 within the regions of Leon and Chinandega (known administratively as Region II), this paper investigates the relationship between rural land rights and agricultural credit, investment, and rural incomes (on farm and off farm).Results indicate total credit received was significantly and negatively related to female-headed households and households with no documented form of land rights. While there is no significant relationship in the data between investment (defined as either total investment or just agricultural investment) and land rights and household characteristics, tenure status is significantly related to the number of trees on the property (a form of long-term land investment).Results indicate that off-farm income is significantly and positively related to the education level of household heads and the lack of any form of documented land rights. Farm income, defined for the purposes of this study as gross agricultural revenues, is shown to be increasing in the degree of tenure security, the education of the household head, farm size, and individual operation, and decreasing in the years since acquiring the property.In sum, these results indicate that improved clarity and enforcement of rural property structures can have a positive impact on rural credit access and farm profitability.[author]
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