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Risk assessment of dicrotophos used in Chinese cabbage
2004
Thawatchai Hongtrakun, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok (Thailand). Agricultural Production Science Research and Development Office. Agricultural Toxic Substances Research Group | Phinya Churinthon, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok (Thailand). Agricultural Production Science Research and Development Office. Agricultural Toxic Substances Research Group | Wipha Tangniphon, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok (Thailand). Agricultural Production Science Research and Development Office. Agricultural Toxic Substances Research Group | Phakasini In-on, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok (Thailand). Agricultural Production Science Research and Development Office. Agricultural Toxic Substances Research Group | Bang-on Thanphon, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok (Thailand). Agricultural Production Science Research and Development Office. Agricultural Toxic Substances Research Group
Protected agricultural production in Kuwait
2004
Omar, S.A.
In arid regions such as Kuwait, protected agriculture (PA) is a feasible option for developing the agricultural sector. In addition to protecting crops in enclosed controlled environment, PA extends the growing season and ensures high profitability and sustainability of an agricultural enterprise. In Kuwait, the protected agriculture sector has witnessed an impressive rebuilding after liberation and with sustained government support it is expected to become an important agribusiness activity with a considerable impact on the national economy. However, production expansions are limited by technical and market constraints resulting in technical and economic inefficiencies. In addition, production technologies are being adopted without considering the soil and water characteristics. This is causing a rise in the groundwater table, groundwater pollution and degradation in the productive capacity of soil as well as affecting plant productivity. Such practices present a threat to the environment and sustainability of the agriculture production activity in Kuwait. Due to low water-use efficiency, the present soil-based greenhouse production system has increased the demand for expensive desalinated water in protected agriculture. To overcome these obstacles a National Agriculture Master Plan, covering a 20-year period from 1995, was developed. This plan identified PA as a priority area for development of the agricultural sector in the country. This plan calls for two- to four-fold enhancements in the productivity levels of selected crops by the year 2015. To do this, introduction, testing and infusion of proven state-of-the-art technologies into the existing cropping system were recommended. The soil survey for the State of Kuwait showed new potential agricultural lands that can be used for expanding protected agricultural areas. Research priorities were also defined to select and modify technologies that are most suitable for the environment of Kuwait.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Economic efficiency of agricultural production in Brazil
2004
Vicente, José R.(Institute for Agricultural Economics)
This study measures levels of technical, allocative and economic efficiency in agricultural crop production for Brazil in 1995. A nonparametric frontier model (DEA) under constant returns to scale was used. On average, the results suggest that the sector suffers from moderate technical inefficiency and from strong allocative inefficiency. If full technical efficiency were achieved, the crop production would increase by more than 30% over that obtained in 1995. Land and labor were overutilized, while fertilizers and pesticides were underutilized. Climate, soil conditions and irrigation use affected technical efficiency levels, and education in rural areas helped explain the extent of allocative efficiency. The state of São Paulo State was the only production unit in Brazil operating in full efficiency in 1995. | Este estudo mensurou os níveis de eficiências técnica, alocativa e econômica na produção agrícola, setor de lavouras, do Brasil em 1995. Um modelo de fronteira não-paramétrica (DEA) sob retornos constantes à escala foi utilizado. Os resultados mostraram, em média, a existência de ineficiência técnica moderada e de ineficiência alocativa forte. Sob eficiência técnica plena, a produção do setor de lavouras seria mais de 30% superior à obtida em 1995. Foi constatada sobreutilização de terra e trabalho e subutilização de fertilizantes e defensivos. As condições de clima e solo e o uso de irrigação condicionaram os níveis de eficiência técnica, e a escolaridade nas áreas rurais explicou o grau de eficiência alocativa. O Estado de São Paulo era a única unidade produtiva operando com eficiência econômica plena em 1995.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Economic efficiency of agricultural production in Brazil
2004
Vicente, J.R.
Economic impacts from agricultural production in Mississippi
2004
Spurlock, Stan R.
Economic efficiency of agricultural production in Brazil
2004
José R. Vicente
This study measures levels of technical, allocative and economic efficiency in agricultural crop production for Brazil in 1995. A nonparametric frontier model (DEA) under constant returns to scale was used. On average, the results suggest that the sector suffers from moderate technical inefficiency and from strong allocative inefficiency. If full technical efficiency were achieved, the crop production would increase by more than 30% over that obtained in 1995. Land and labor were overutilized, while fertilizers and pesticides were underutilized. Climate, soil conditions and irrigation use affected technical efficiency levels, and education in rural areas helped explain the extent of allocative efficiency. The state of São Paulo State was the only production unit in Brazil operating in full efficiency in 1995.<br>Este estudo mensurou os níveis de eficiências técnica, alocativa e econômica na produção agrícola, setor de lavouras, do Brasil em 1995. Um modelo de fronteira não-paramétrica (DEA) sob retornos constantes à escala foi utilizado. Os resultados mostraram, em média, a existência de ineficiência técnica moderada e de ineficiência alocativa forte. Sob eficiência técnica plena, a produção do setor de lavouras seria mais de 30% superior à obtida em 1995. Foi constatada sobreutilização de terra e trabalho e subutilização de fertilizantes e defensivos. As condições de clima e solo e o uso de irrigação condicionaram os níveis de eficiência técnica, e a escolaridade nas áreas rurais explicou o grau de eficiência alocativa. O Estado de São Paulo era a única unidade produtiva operando com eficiência econômica plena em 1995.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Price policy in the agricultural production in Byelorussia
2004
Vorob'ev, L. (University of Agriculture in Szczecin (Poland))
The paper presents results of inter-sector prices disparity in the whole economy and in agriculture. There are some examples of the differences between price changes in the agricultural sector compared to the industrial sector. These differences results in the profitability of the agricultural production and in this production structure. When we look at the theoretical premises for the agricultural products price determination some interesting conclusions can be derived.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Production of acrylamide in agricultural products by cooking
2004
Takatsuki, S. (National Inst. of Hygienic Sciences, Tokyo (Japan)) | Nemoto, S. | Sasaki, K. | Maitani, T.
Some model studies were performed using various agricultural Products, to clarify the relation between cooking conditions and production of acrylamide (AA). Disc chips made from dried mashed potato, corn meal, wheat flour, rice flour (jyohshin-ko) and glutinous rice flour (shiratama-ko), and dried sesame (arai-goma) and dried almond were baked at 120-200 deg C for 5-20 min, and the samples were analyzed for the levels of AA. When the samples were baked for 10 min, the highest production of AA was observed at 180-200 deg C. When the samples were baked at 180 deg C, AA levels in agricultural products except sesame were highest after baking for 10 min. Vegetables and fruit were baked at 220 deg C for 5 min with a oven, high AA concentrations were found in baked potato, asparagus, pumpkin, eggplant and green gram sprouts. Concentrations of AA in potato, asparagus and green gram sprouts baked after being precooked by microwave irradiation were higher than those in the products baked without being precooked. On the other hand, the precooking by boiling reduced the production of AA by baking to 1/10-1/4. Acrylamide was not found in microwaved or boiled vegetables. High free asparagine concentrations in crops tended to result in high concentrations of AA being produced by heating the agricultural products.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]A New Representation of Agricultural Production Technology in GTAP
2004
Huang, Jikun | Tongeren, F.W. van | Dewbre, J. | Meijl, J.C.M. van
Stability of agricultural production: transition countries
2004
Jablanovic, V.D.(Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad (Serbia and Montenegro)) E-mail:vesnajab@ptt.yu
This paper analyses an irregular movement of agricultural production in the transition countries. Irregular movement of agricultural production can be analyzed in the formal framework of the chaotic growth model. Namely, this analyses is oriented toward comparison of chaotic agricultural production growth model estimated on empirical data of the transition economies during the period 1967-2001. The basic aims of the paper are: firstly, to set up a chaotic growth model of agricultural production; and secondly, to analyze the stability of agricultural production according to the presented logistic growth model in the transition economies during the period 1967-2001.
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