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Comparison of apparent and true digestibility of nutrients determined in dairy cows either by the nylon capsule or in vivo method Texte intégral
2005
J. Třináctý | M. Richter | P. Homolka | M. Rabišková | P. Doležal
In this study the values of true digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF and starch determined either by the nylon capsule method or conventional in vivo method were compared. Four intact crossbred dairy cows (mean milk yield 21.9 kg/d) were used in two experimental periods. TMR consisted of maize silage, lucerne hay and concentrate. Nylon capsules (external diameter 10 mm) were made of nylon cloth (pore size 42 µm). Capsules were filled with TMR and at the beginning of the in vivo trial they were administered orally as a paper bolus into the cows. The values of true digestibility (after washing loss correction) of DM and OM, as determined by means of the nylon capsule method were lower than those estimated by the in vivo method. The respective differences were -6.9 and -7.3% (P < 0.05). Insignificant differences were found in CP, NDF and starch.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Variation in immnogenicity of ruminant pestiviruses as determined by the neutralisation assay
2005
Patel, J.R. | Didlick, S. | Quinton, J.
Immunogenicity in naive three-month-old Friesian bull calves of nine ruminant pestiviruses, three each of type 1 bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV), type 2 BVDV and border disease virus (BDV) was directly compared in reciprocal cross-neutralisation tests using sera obtained eight weeks after intranasal and intravenous inoculation with live virus. Cytopathic (CP) type 1 BVDV strain C86, non-cytopathic (NCP) type 2 BVDV strain 890 and NCP BDV strain V2536/2 were found to elicit significantly broad cross-neutralising antibodies against viruses in other species whereas other virus strains in all three species produced a much more pronounced homologous and/or species specific response. Results are clearly relevant in the selection of strains for vaccines against diseases caused by these successful, economically important ubiquitous viruses.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Structure of a Conserved RNA Element in the SARS Virus Genome Determined. Texte intégral
2005
Biodegradabilities of some chain oils in groundwater as determined by the respirometric BOD OxiTop method Texte intégral
2005
Vähäoja, Pekka | Kuokkanen, Toivo | Välimäki, Ilkka | Vuoti, Sauli | Perämäki, Paavo
The respirometric BOD OxiTop method was used to monitor the biodegradation of different chain oils (mineral, rapeseed and tall oils) over 28 days in groundwater, as well as in standard conditions described by OECD 301 F. The aim of the study was to gather more information about the biodegradability of forestry oils in groundwater, as well as about the suitability of the automatic OxiTop method for biodegradation measurements. The BOD OxiTop method proved to be a precise and reliable technique for determining the biodegradations of different oils. Some comparative studies were also made using a traditional IR method in order to clarify the total oil concentrations. The results show that if biodegradation only is to be monitored, the OxiTop method is preferable. This is due to the influence of other reactions aside from biodegradation on total hydrocarbon concentrations when using the IR method.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Juvenile sturgeon (Acipenser sturio) habitat utilization in the Gironde estuary as determined by acoustic telemetry Texte intégral
2005
Lepage, Mario | Taverny, Catherine | Piefort, S. | Dumont, Pierre | Rochard, Eric | Brosse, Laurent | Spedicato, M.T. | Lembo, G. | Marmulla, G. | Ecosystèmes estuariens et poissons migrateurs amphihalins (UR EPBX) ; Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF) | FAUNE ET PARCS QUEBEC CAN ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | COISPA TORRE A MARE ITA ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)
[Departement_IRSTEA]MA [TR1_IRSTEA]QSA / DYMECO | Extrait de document | A congregation area for young European sturgeon was found in the Gironde estuary using acoustic telemetry. Sturgeon movements were observed over periods of six hours, both during day or night.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]The Occurrence of bromine in some Finnish and imported vegetables determined by a polarographic method Texte intégral
2005 | 1976
Hirn, Jorma | Stabel-Taucher, Ruth | Pekkanen, Timo J
v | ok | kirjasto Aj-K | Eräiden suomalaisten ja tuontivihannesten bromipitoisuudet määritettynä polarograafisella menetelmällä
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Dark disk color in the flower of Gerbera hybrida is determined by a dominant gene, Dc
2005
Kloos, W.E. | George, C.G. | Sorge, L.K.
The cultivated gerbera daisy [Gerbera hybrida (G. jamesonii Bolus ex Adlam x G. viridifolia Schultz-Bip)] produces flowers that have either a dark (shades of dark brown, brown-black, black-purple, or black) or light (shades of green-yellow, yellow-green, or light yellow) central disk. The dark-centered varieties have increased in popularity over the past 20 years and provided an exciting color contrast, especially in white, yellow, and various pastel-colored flowers. The objective of this investigation was to determine the mode of inheritance of disk color in gerberas. A series of crosses were made to produce P(A), P(B), F1, F2, BC1A, and BC1B progeny to complete the Mendelian genetic analysis. Phenotypic segregation ratios indicated that dark disk color was determined by a single dominant gene, designated Dc, and the light disk color by a recessive gene, dc. Dominance appeared to be complete in that the disk color was similar in both homozygous and heterozygous Dc plants.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Distribution of herring (Clupea harengus) and zooplankton in the Norwegian Sea, as determined from generalised additive models Texte intégral
2005
Olsen, Esben Moland | Melle, Webjørn | Kaartvedt, Stein | Holst, Jens Christian | Mork, Kjell Arne
We analyse the variability in the distribution and feeding of the Norwegian spring-spawning herring in the period from 1995 to 2004, using survey data collected throughout the Norwegian Sea each year in May - June. The spatial component is handled by fitting generalised additive models (GAMs) to the data. GAMs are an extention of generalised linear models, allowing flexible nonparametric effects of covariates such as latitude and longitude. We also describe the spatial and temporal variability in zooplankton biomass, water temperature and salinity. The data suggest that both herring body size, stomach fullness and zooplankton biomass was higher in the western part of the ocean basin, and that herring generally had a relatively wide and patchy distribution.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]The size of the population of weakly coupled chlorophyll pigments involved in thylakoid photoinhibition determined by steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy
2005
Santabarbara, S. | Jennings, R.C.
On the basis of experiments with singlet quenchers and in agreement with previous data, it is suggested that a population of energetically weakly coupled chlorophylls may play a central role in photoinhibition in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we have used steady state fluorescence techniques to gain direct evidence for these uncoupled chlorophylls. Due to the presence of their emission maxima, near 650 nm and more prominently in the 670-675 nm interval both chlorophylls b and a seem to be involved. A straightforward mathematical model is developed to describe the data which allows us to conclude that the uncoupled/weakly coupled population size is in the range of 1-3 molecules per photosystem.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Microbial inhibition by pharmaceutical antibiotics in different soils—dose‐response relations determined with the iron(III) reduction test Texte intégral
2005
Thiele‐Bruhn, Sören
Soil contamination from pharmaceuticals is an emerging problem, though quantitative data on their microbial effects are lacking. Thus, nine pharmaceutical antibiotics were tested for their effects on the microbial iron(III) reduction in six different topsoils. Complete dose‐response curves were obtained and best‐fit by sigmoidal Logit, Weibull, Box‐Cox Logit, and Box‐Cox Weibull equations (r² 0.73–1.00). The derived effective doses (ED [μmol/kg soil]) for the different antibiotics increased in the order (average ED50 in parentheses) chlortetracycline (53) < sulfadimethoxine (58) < oxytetracycline (170) < sulfadiazine (190) < sulfadimidine (270) = tetracycline (270) < sulfapyridine (430), though no effect was found for sulfanilamide and fenbendazole at doses up to 5,800 and 3,300 μmol/kg, respectively. Due to a strong soil adsorption, especially of the tetracyclines, the corresponding effective concentrations in the soil solution (EC50), derived from sorption experiments, were considerably smaller and ranged from 0.004 μmol/L (chlortetracycline) to 120 μmol/L (sulfapyridine). The effects of the antibiotics were governed by soil sorptive properties, especially the concentration of soil organic matter. The microbial inhibition was influenced indirectly by the soil pH, which affects the ionization status of the amphoteric antibiotics.
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