Non-Peer Reviewed | Five site-years of data collected from the Carberry and Manitou areas of Manitoba from 1985 to 1987 indicated that increased rates of N application increased grain yield, protein content of the grain and water use efficiency (based on grain yield) of winter wheat under zero tillage, spring wheat under zero tillage and spring wheat under conventional tillage. Although the response to N application varied between wheat-tillage regimes within and between individual site-years, spring wheat under zero tillage slightly out-yielded spring wheat under conventional tillage and winter wheat under zero tillage when data for the site-years was combined. Conversely, water use efficiency was highest for winter wheat under zero tillage and lowest for spring wheat under conventional tillage. Protein content of the grain was the same for the spring wheats but substantially lower for winter wheat.

In this report, we propose rapid generation schemes utilizing latitude effects between Sapporo and Ishigaki for winter wheat breeding. With these schemes, bulk populations of winter wheat are grown twice a year; at Sapporo in summer and then at Ishigaki in winter. The research may be summarized as follows: 1) The expression of some characteristics of spring and winter wheat varieties at Ishigaki and Sapporo correlated significantly, indicating that some characteristics can be selected under rapid generation schemes. 2) Some varieties of spring or winter wheat did not reach the heading stage when grown at Ishigaki or Sapporo. Thus, individuals with high photoperiodic sensitivity, late maturity or which require long vernalization for heading should be eliminated under rapid generation schemes. 3) The maturity dates of two groups of varieties were investigated with seeding between May and July at Sapporo. One group of spring wheat varieties with different vernalization requirements, and the other spring wheat varieties with no vernalization but different length of time to maturing. Based on the maturity dates of the two groups we proposed two kinds of rapid generation schemes

The following problems are discussed: effect of selected technologies of cultivation on yield of spring wheat cultivated on differing soil conditions, structure and architecture of field of spring wheat in relation to technology of cultivation, effect of plant density of new varieties of spring wheat on grain yield and its structure, yielding of three varieties of spring wheat as affected by various quantity of sowing seed, reactions of new spring wheat varieties in response to applied nitrogen, effects of dose and time of nitrogen supply on spring wheat yielding cultivated after various forecrops, comparison between yielding of spring and winter wheat cultivated after various late harvested forecrops, effect of foliage fertilization and application of growth regulators on the yield and mass of 1000 grain of winter wheat

The following problems are discussed: effect of selected technologies of cultivation on yield of spring wheat cultivated on differing soil conditions, structure and architecture of field of spring wheat in relation to technology of cultivation, effect of plant density of new varieties of spring wheat on grain yield and its structure, yielding of three varieties of spring wheat as affected by various quantity of sowing seed, reactions of new spring wheat varieties in response to applied nitrogen, effects of dose and time of nitrogen supply on spring wheat yielding cultivated after various forecrops, comparison between yielding of spring and winter wheat cultivated after various late harvested forecrops, effect of foliage fertilization and application of growth regulators on the yield and mass of 1000 grain of winter wheat.

In a model experiment on 2 different types of winter wheat varieties, investigations were made on 2 types of individual selection used in maintenance breeding (pedigree technique) and 1 mass selection technique. The differences between the techniques are as follows: in the pedigree I technique the "A" lines were planted at a wide distance (50 x 10 cm) in 20 m rows, at the "B" "C" and "D" levels the performance trials were sown in a dense stand in 4 series with a random block design. The pedigree II technique differed from this only in the fact that the "A" lines were also tested in a dense stand. The same genetic material was used in all the techniques. The varieties used were Yubileinaya 50 and GK Sagvari. For the 3 traits tested (yield, thousand grain weight, valorigraphic index) no significant difference could be demonstrated between the 2 variety maintenance techniques at the "B" and "C" levels on the basis of means and variance. The 2 variety maintenance techniques must also be analyzed from the economic point of view, since the area required from the "A" line experiments is considerably greater in the pedigree I technique than in the other 2 methods.