The object of this study was to determine the value of physical, bacteriological and chemical tests used to find out and compare the indices of quality of prawns stored at 0°C and at 18°C. pH value, nature of drip, the total bacterial count, presence or absence of tryptophan, trimethylamine content, glycogen, lactic acid, vitamins such as thiamin, riboflavin and niacin were estimated periodically to evaluate the quality of prawns stored at 0°C, whereas in addition to organoleptic changes, pH, bacterial count, nature of growth in peptone water, soluble protein in salt solution and loss of moisture, glycogen, lactic acid, and changes in vitamin B contents were noted periodically for prawns stored at -l8°C. Riboflavin and niacin were not affected appreciably but the retention of thiamin in prawns was very low.

Current interest in the profession indicates a strong desire to improve teacher evaluation—both resident and extension. L. S. Hardin's comment on this point in his 1963 presidential address and the recent proposal for a distinguished agricultural economics undergraduate teacher award are indications of this desire. This paper develops a concept of evaluation which recognizes the use of the scientific process in teaching—an important dimension of scholarly contributions to the profession in teaching and research. Criteria proposed to support this concept are focused upon the extension teacher. Methodology is identified as the most significant area of difference between criteria for quality teaching and quality research. Suggestions are made for implementing evaluation activities.

The literature on external economies, diseconomies, and indivisibilities is related to past, present, and emerging land management problems. A definition of externalities and indivisibilities is provided and applied to problems of quality, common property resources, and outdoor recreation. Criteria for the evaluation of land management institutions are suggested and discussed. Current and past research efforts are examined in light of the perspective provided by the article. It is suggested that both the tools of neoclassical economics and the relevance of institutional economics might be combined profitably in the study of land economics problems. It was concluded that historical research efforts have tended to be polarized: the production economics‐oriented group has been heavily oriented toward the internal aspects of individual firm theory; traditional land economists, while working on relevant problems, have not always made the best of existing theory in the evaluation of land management institutions.

Following the success of Corkhill (1945) in producing short-rotation ryegrass (Lolium perenne x Lolium multiflorum) with controlled hybridisation and selection, the Plant Breeding Division of the D.S.I.R. (N.Z.) began a breeding programme to produce a new strain of ryegrass, which subsequently became known as Ariki ryegrass. Ariki was produced as a result of crossing 40 selected perennial ryegrass plants (cultivar Ruanui) with 40 selected short-rotation plants (cultivar Manawa), and the details of its breeding programme have been described by Corkhill (1957). The objective in breeding this variety was that it should have the persistency, dense tillering habit and ability to stand hard grazing of certified perennial ryegrass, associated with earlier spring growth, later flowering, improved palatibility and resistance to leaf rust. Resistance to Argentine Stem Weevil was not intended to be included into the breeding programme although the presence of this insect during selection of plants meant the new strain was at least resistant to some degree of attack. It was anticipated that Ariki would be capable of replacing perennial ryegrass throughout many high fertility areas of New Zealand. Barclay (1963) and Bascand (1963) have reported on the performance of Ariki throughout various trial regions in New Zealand, and it would appear that it is intermediate in growth, between short-rotation and perennial, especially during the first year of establishment. Subsequent work by Bailey (1964) and Evans (1964) suggests that Ariki is more similar to the perennial parentage than to the short-rotation, especially in regard to nutritive quality and lamb fattening ability. In many of the early large-scale evaluation trials, great difficulty had been experienced in maintaining a satisfactory grass: clover balance in the Ariki swards, and, possibly associated with this was some evidence of stock health problems, particularly of low fattening and scouring of lambs. With these aspects in mind an evaluation trial was laid down to investigate the establishment and early management problems of Ariki ryegrass, sown under sward conditions in Canterbury.