Extract: To determine the epidemiologic characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks traced to poultry, records of all 352 such outbreaks reported to the Center for Disease Control 1966-1974 were reviewed. 217 (62%) outbreaks were traced to turkey, 129 (37%) were traced to chicken, 5 (1%) to both turkey and chicken, and 1 (0.3%) to cornish hen. Outbreaks from poultry accounted for 12% of all foodborne disease outbreaks reported from 1966 through 1974, but the number and percentage has been decreasing since 1969. Food service establishments were responsible for mishandling the food in 79% of outbreaks, homes in 19%, and food processing establishments in 2%. In 85% of the outbreaks, the food handling error was storage of food at improper holding temperatures.

We have shown that ether-linked glycerolipids accumulated in the adrenal, liver, and spleen of a male Chinese infant with Wolman's disease; the increases were mainly in the alkyl and alk-1-enyl glycerolipids that did not contain phosphorus. Alkyldiacylglycerol accounted for a portion of the rise in the neutral alkylglycerols. The spleen also contained increased amounts of ether-linked phosphoglycerides of the alkyl and alk-1-enyl types. Organs from a Niemann-Pick patient were also included in this study; they did not show comparable rises in the content of ether-linked glycerolipids, suggesting the possibility that storage of these compounds may be characteristic of Wolman's disease, or a variant form thereof.

Pulmonary hyalinosis occurred in Beagles exposed to radon daughters with uranium ore dust. The lesion was composed of alveolar cells distended with material positive for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and oil red O that ultrastructurally consisted of a whorled arrangement of lamellar membranes suggestive of a storage disease. The high incidence in exposed dogs and the ultrastructural appearance suggested the material originated endogenously as a degenerative response to injury.

This paper describes syntheses of 5β-cholestane-3α, 7α, 12α, 25-tetrol and 5β-cholestane-3α, 7α, 12α, 24ξ, 25-pentol which give higher yields than previously published methods. In addition, 5β-cholestane-3α, 7α, 12α, 24ξ, 25-pentol was synthesized by a different procedure, namely via performic acid oxidation of the correspinding unsaturated triol, which gave a lower yield but avoided the formation of 5β-cholestane-3α, 7α, 12α, 25, 26-pentol, which normally tends to contaminate the final product. Structures were confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography, infrared-, proton magnetic resonance- and mass spectrometry, 5β-Cholestane-3α, 7α, 12α, 25-tetrol and 5β-cholestane-3α, 7α, 12α, 24ξ, 25-pentol were required for in vivo and in vitro studies of the (hypothetical) 25-hydroxylation pathway of cholic acid biosynthesis.Patients with the rare familial sterol storage disease, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) (1), secrete a number of C27 bile alcohols in bile and feces (2). One of the main components of the bile alcohol fraction was a tetrahydroxy bile alcohol, 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,25-tetrol. A pentnhydroxy bile alcohol fraction consisted of two major and several minor components (3). One of the pentahydroxy bile alcohols was 5β-cholestane-3α7α,12α,24α,25-pentoiln dicating that in CTX subjects there existed a pathway of bile acid synthesis involving 25-hydroxylated intermediates, rather than 26-hydroxylated compounds, as previously reported for normal subjects.In order to investigate individual biochemical steps of the 25-hydroxylation pathway of cholic acid biosynthesis, it was necessary to prepare C27 bile alcohol derivatives, substituted in the 25-position. This paper describes the synthesis of 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,25-tetrola nd 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,- 24ξ,25-pentol from cholic acid. Certain modifications of the published procedures were required to improve the yield and purity of these substances.