Compost can have a disease suppressive effect, but compost research is constrained by the fact that repetition of experiments with a similar batch of compost is impossible, since storage affects the organic material including the microbial communities. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that differential changes in microbial community structure and associated microbial activities after various storage methods (drying, freezing and cooling) lead to differential changes in the disease suppressive ability of compost material with respect to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini induced by mixes of composts with peat substrate (20/80%, vol./vol.). A significant (P<0.0001) storage method x compost interaction was found with respect to suppression of Fusarium wilt of flax, indicating that the effect of storage type on disease suppression is compost-dependent. For seven composts storage had no (13 cases) or a significantly positive effect (eight cases) on disease suppression and for 1 compost there was a significant negative effect of storage on disease suppression. Significant changes in microbial activity and 16S-rDNA DGGE banding patterns of the composts were observed as a result of all tested ways of storage and these changes could be related to changes in disease suppression: relatively strong changes in microbial activity and bacterial composition due to storage had a relatively strong effect on disease suppression. The cool storage treatment (4 °C) resulted in the least deviation in disease suppression from the fresh compost, although the freezing treatment gave the most reliable results with the lowest standard deviation.

Black rot of carrot is economically very important disease in almost all carrot production areas. Disease is caused by plant pathogenic fungus, Alternaria radicina. The presence of Alternaria radicina is established in Serbia. A special attention is paid to this dangerus fungus since it produces toxic metabolites which are hazardous to human health. Symptoms on carrot can be noticed on mature roots, during or after harvesting, but significant infection and symptom development occur during storage. Black, sunken lesions and patches on the diseased carrot roots are usual disease symptoms during storage. Alternaria radicina is soil borne and transmitted by seed. Disease management should be integral but, neverheless carrot production must begin with healthy, pathogen tested seed.

Genotyping was carried out for glycogen storage disease type II and type V in seven cattle breeds. The analysis was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) method. In the breeds analysed [Charolais, Czech Spotted (Czech Simmental), Belgian Blue, Limousine, Blonde d'Aquitaine, Aberdeen Angus, and Beef Simmental sires reared in the Czech Republic], the recessive allele was not found in the PYGM (phosphorylase glycogen, muscle) responsible for the glycogen storage disease type V. In the same panel, the recessive allele in exon 7, exon 9 and exon 13 of the GAA (glucosidase alpha, acid), causing the glycogen storage disease type II was not found. Therefore, we have not revealed the recessives outside previous reported breeds. The knowledge of the breed-specific occurrence of inherited disorders facilitates focusing and reduces the costs of detecting the heterozygous carriers of recessive inherited disorders.

There are several pathogens with importance significance for onion in period of the storage in Bulgaria: bacteria - Pseudomonas allicola, Erwinia carotovora, fungi - Penicillium spp., Fusarium niveum, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis - B. allii, B. byssoidea, squamosa, B. cinerea. The anthracnose had not been the disease with considerable place in the list of the common diseases of this vegetable culture. The monitoring of the diseases on onion in period of the storage show that anthracnose appears as new disease of this culture in our conditions.

Survey carried under two different storing condition, showed that the incidence and severity of soft rot of potatoes were very high in none-cooled stores with the values of 28.92% and 0.11 respectively while the lowest was in cold storage with values 20.94% and 0.07 respectively. The following treatments were used in this study to control the disease: 1×10 4 cell/ml of Bacillus subtills, 10gm/kg of Halex 5ml/L of ciprofloxacin, 1ml/L of Bettanol, and 4% sodiume hypochlorate. All the above treatment lead to reduce the rate and the severity of the disease and to reduce the effect of the Erwinia carotovora on the stem high, dry weight of foliage and total weight of tubers per plant . the treatment with biological fertilizer (Halex) exceeded all the others in field and green house experiments . Reducing the rate and severity of soft rot disease in the storage foliage was cut before harvesting and when was near to mature, in two different dates (two and four days) after the last irrigation of the field. Harvesting the tubers after eight days after last irrigation from cutting the foliage led to reduce the rate and severity of soft rot of the tubers and severity of soft rot of the tubers in the cooled storage, with the values of 15.62% and 0.13, respectively. Curing of tubers after harvesting and before interning to the storage was achieved by leaving them in shadow for two or four days. The rate and the severity of tubers soft rot in the cooled storage with the values of 9.76% and 0.08, respectively.

A study to examine variability in susceptibility of yams to Scutellonema bradys and to identify possible sources of resistance in Ghanaian yam germplasm (Dioscorea spp.) for use in yam improvement programmes, particularly, in West Africa was undertaken. Pot and field screening methodologies were used. In general, S. bradys and dry rot of tuber symptoms as well as tuber cracking increased during the storage period. The study showed a positive correlation between visual nematode damage and population densities in yam tubers. There was also a linear relationship between dry rot disease and tuber cracking at harvest and during storage. This confirms that S. bradys causes dry rot of tubers resulting in external cracking of yam tubers. Positive linear relationship was also observed between yam tuber weight loss and dry rot disease indicating that dry rot disease may have contributed to the tuber weight loss. Therefore, tuber dry rot symptoms caused by S. bradys of yams could be used to discard susceptible yams at harvest and after a period of storage. However, there was no linear relationship between nematode population densities in yam tubers and roots, therefore, a root protocol cannot be used for assessing resistance in yams as it could lead to misclassification. The yam germplasm screened, reaffirmed resistance to S. bradys in Dioscorea dumetorum var. Nkanfo and D. cayenensis var. Afun.

In Belarus losses of root crops of a sugar beet from storage rot during storage in pits make up to 15% and above. As a result of the lead research the scale of the account of disease is modified, the technique of the account of losses of root crops is developed at storage with use of the deduced factor of harmfulness. Prevalence, development and harmfulness of storage root on zones of sugar beet sowing at factories of Belarus are defined. As a result of the lead research it is possible to draw the following conclusions: the account of storage rot should be done in accordance with the modified 6-mark scale; tests of root crops of sugar beet should be selected from three profiles of pit; losses of weight of root crops from storage rot should be defined using the offered coefficient of harmfulness; more intensive development of storage rot in Belarus is observed in a zone of sugar beet sowing of the Skidel sugar combine and Zhabinka sugar factory

Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the closed system fumigation of Pansetong guava (Psidium guajava L.) at concentrations of 5 percent, 10 percent, 15 percent and 20 percent with exposure times 12 and 24 hours could inhibit anthracnose disease symptom development of the inoculated guava fruits with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. More inhibition of symptom development was observed at 10 deg C than at room temperature (26-28 deg C) storage. Non-inoculated guava fruits treated with 20 percent CO2 at 12 and 24 hours fumigation time periods did not show any anthracnose disease incidence at both room temperature and 10 deg C storage. Increasing times of CO2 exposure decreased total acidity, but slightly changing total soluble solid content, ascorbic acid content and fruit firmness.

The influence of long-term storage in cold storage conditions on the quality of eight carrot cultivars was investigated. Cultivars chosen for the experiment were Cesaro, Jaguar, Nelix, Perfekcja, Recoleta, Sirus, Teldino and Nebula. The quality was determined in freshly harvested carrots and carrots stored for 8 months. The following were determined: weight losses, percentage of carrots with disease symptoms, dry matter content, sugar content, nitrate and nitrite content and sensory quality. Sensory quality was evaluated by an expert panel using quantitative descriptive analysis. Of the investigated carrot cultivars, the lowest storage losses was shown by Teldino, in terms of weight losses, and by Perfekcja, in terms of rotting. Storage resulted in changing the content of dry matter, decreasing sugar content but it did not affect nitrate content. The influence of storage on the sensory quality was significant in the case of firmness, juiciness, bitter taste intensity and, for some cultivars, also sweet taste intensity

Dogs with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIA were bred within an experimental colony. As part of characterizing them as a model for testing therapeutic strategies for the analogous disease of children, a pathologic study was undertaken. By histology, there were variably stained storage cytosomes within neurons, including many that stained for gangliosides. On ultrastructure examination, these cytosomes contained either moderately dense granular material, tentatively interpreted as precipitated glycosaminoglycan; a variety of multilaminar bodies, interpreted as being associated with secondary accumulation of gangliosides; or a mixture of both types. In the liver, storage vesicles also contained excess glycogen as a secondary storage product. In various tissues, there were large foamy macrophages. In the brain, many of these were in juxtaposition with neurons, and, on ultrastructure examination, they contained storage cytosomes similar to those in neurons. However, the neuron in association with such a macrophage frequently showed little such material.