Charcoal making and quality of charcoal from mangrove timbers of small brick kiln
1985
Theerachai Chantarasena
The results revealed that average charcoal yield was 29 percent. Charcoal yield was proportional to volatile matter contents but inversely proportional to fixed carbon content. Burning time was 6.25 days in average. Mass loss of wood specimens during carbonization ranged from 52 to 75 percent whereas volumetric, girth and longitudinal shrinkage were in the range of 19-43 percent, 7.5-20 percent and 2.4-9 percent respectively. Proximate analyses indicated that charcoal high in fixed carbon content had low contents of volatile matters and ash, and fixed carbon level was proportional to burning time. Heating value of charcoal from various mangrove species ranged from 6,400 to 7,600 cal/g based one oven dry weight and was proportional to fixed carbon content but was independent of species. Based on charcoal quality evaluation, the potential species suitable for charcoal making other than Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata are Bruguicra gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, Bruguicra parviflora and Luminitzera littorea. In addition, branches and roots of Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata could produce charcoal of compatible quality. Mangrove species unsuitable for charcoal making include Xylocarpus moluccensis, Xylocarpus granatum, and Sonneratia alba, these species give charcoal low density and high burning rate. Moreover, Sonneratia alba was difficult to burn and took more time in burning
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