Testing of wheat for frost resistance in in vitro somatic callus cultures
1988
Kovacs, G. (Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia, Martonvasar (Hungary). Mezogazdasagi Kutato Intezet)
In the report four varieties (Cheyenne, Chinese Spring, Saratovskaya 29 and Hope) with various levels of frost resistance were tested. The callus cultures were set up on SD culture-medium complemented with 50 mg/l and 2 mg/l 2,4-D using young leaf primordia from under the coleoptile. The induced calluses were hardened and frozen together with the seedlings (-12 C degrees). After freezing the frost sensitivity of seedlings was evaluated on the ground of survival percentage and grading value. Subsequent to 24 hours after-raising the calluses were stained with TTC and also here the frost resistance was judged according to grading values based on survival percentage and colouring. Wheat can be efficiently tested for frost resistance also in tissue culture and the TTC staining is an excellent indicator thereof. On the basis of grading values the different levels of frost resistance can well be separated. As an interesting finding frost resistance proved to be of a higher rate in the calluses than in the seedlings. Majority of the calluses of highly frost sensitive varieties perished (remained completely white) but on a few calluses well staining regeneration foci, probably mutant regions, were observed. This permits elaboration of mutant selection methods, alike. The in vitro test may be a good complement to the plant breeding work.
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