Fertilization and liming of sunflower on acidic sandy soil
1988
Kadar, I. (Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia, Budapest (Hungary). Talajtani es Agrokemiai Kutato Intezet) | Vass, E. (Mezogazdasagi es Elelmezesugyi Miniszterium, Nyiregyhaza (Hungary). Novenyvedelmi es Agrokemiai Allomas)
On acidic sandy brown forest soil poor in nutrients where pH(KCl)=4.6; humus=0.5-0.6 per cent; available P, K and Mg contents unsatisfactory, sunflower was studied in a 22-year long-term fertilization trial for the effect of NPKMg fertilization and liming on yield and oil content. The trial was carried out using the hybrid HNK 81 on 5x10=50m2 plots, in the random block design, sown with a 70x30 spacing. At harvest the two outside rows each were omitted and only the three central rows were harvested by hand. The available P and K contents as determined using the ammoniumlactate method doubled on the average in response to PK fertilization and the soil originally qualified as poorly supplied has attained the "suitable" status category. The "satisfactory" status recorded in the above-ground tissues of 4-6 leaf-age sunflower may be characterized by the following nutritive element percentages: N = 2.5-3.0; P = 0.25-0.30; K = 4-5; Ca = 1-1.3; Mg = 0.4-0.5. In the upper fully developed leaves taken at the onset of flowering the same optimal percentage values are: N = 2.5-3.0; P = 0.25-0.30; K = 2.5-3; Ca = 2-2.5; Mg = 0.5-0.6. On limed, even-fertilized fertile soil sunflower showed better emergence, the plant number, plant height, head diameter, head surface as well as achene density increased. On acidic soil poor in nutrients in addition to the few and small heads a large number of empty grains as well as Sclerotinia infected plants were to be found. The joint NPK fertilization nearly doubled the achene yields, the addition of yearly 200 kg/ha Ca increased them 2.5-fold while the distribution of yearly 80 kg/ha Mg on average besides the NPK increased the yields threefold. By jointly applying the five examined, missing nutritive elements both the achene and oil yields could be increased 3.5-fold.
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