Food crops plus forage legumes intercropping on rainfed upland
1989
Topark-Ngarm, A. | Armada, E.C. | Oliveros, R.A. | Tengco, P.L. | Carangal, V.R.
Two separate intercropping experiments (cereal and grain legumes + forage legumes) were conducted at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) [Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines] upland farm to evaluate intercropping effects of different food crops and forage legumes in terms of total annual productivity. Each study involved sixteen intercropping combinations of four cereal crops (upland rice, UPLRi 5; corn, XC no. 1; sorghum, UPL SG5 and pearl millet) and four grain legumes (mungbean, Pag-asa 3; cowpea, All season; peanut, CES 2-25 and soybean, UPL Sy 2 and SJ 5) with the following forage legume intercrop; Desmanthus virgatus, Stylosanthes guianensis (CIAT 136), Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro and Centrosema macrocarpum with cereal crops; Clitoria ternatea, pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), Centrosema and Siratro with grain legumes. The crops were grown on 2.5 x 3 sq. meter plots and treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Cereal grain yields in cereals + forage legumes combinations were not significantly different from their monocrop yields. Highest cereal grain yield was observed when intercropped with Desmanthus over the other forage legumes used. Among forage legume intercrops, stylo gave the highest herbage yield of 11.06 tons/ha while Centrosema, Desmanthus and Siratro yields were 8.85 t/ha, 7.21 t/ha and 4.6 t/ha, respectively. Legume grain yields during the first cropping were significantly different (P.05) among intercrop combinations. Herbage dry matter yields of intercrops were highly significant; pigeon pea, 1.96 t/ha; Desmanthus, 0.20 t/ha; Siratro, 0.28 and Clitoria, 0.52 t/ha. In the second cropping, grain and crop residue yields were lower but forage yields were higher than in the first cropping.
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