The epidemiology of barley yellow dwarf in Europe
1990
Plumb, R.T. (Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden (UK))
Although susceptible hosts are present in most of this area, knowledge of the presence of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is limited to regions where small grain cereals are widely grown. Based on the classification of W.R. Rochow, only MAV-, PAV- and RPV-like strains are known to occur. Although Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) are present, the RMV- and SGV-like strains have not been recorded. The epidemiology of BYDV is influenced principally by local cropping patterns and the relative occurrence and importance of holocyclic and anholocyclic forms of the main aphid vectors. In northern regions the dominant seasonal influence is winter cold and survival of vectors as eggs on rosaceous or graminaceous hosts is most important, whereas in the Mediterranean area the most important influence is summer drought, and here bridging crops such as maize appear to play an important part in the carryover of vectors and virus from one cereal to the next. There is no good evidence for long distance transport of aphids, although there is some evidence that Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) may move into Scandinavia in some years causing outbreaks of MAV-like isolates in areas where R. padi (L.) transmitted strains usually predominate. The epidemiology of BYDV is illustrated in relation to regional differences in cropping practices, aphid populations, and climate.
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