Wheat disease survey in Ethiopia in 1988
1990
Gebeyehu, G. (Institute of Agricultural Reseach, Addis Ababa (Ethiopia)) | Ginkel, M. van (CIMMYT, Mexico, DF (Mexico)) | Kebede, T. | Haregewoin, M. | Desta, R. | Bainbridge, A. (Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa (Ethiopia)) | Hulluka, M. | Andnew, Y. (Alemaya University of Agriculture, Debre Zeit (Ethiopia). Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center) | Tadesse, D. | Gorfu, A. | Badebo, A. (Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa (Ethiopia))
One of the requirements for an effective wheat improvement program is to understand the prevalence and distribution of the priority diseases in the major wheat growing areas. An extensive wheat disease survey was executed in the Ethiopian wheat production areas of the Shewa, Arsi and Bale administrative regions. Nine survey routes were determined and roadside fields visited one to three times. Disease assessments were made and supporting agroecological data were collected. A total of four hundred fields were sampled over a four month period. The 1988 season experienced rainfall 30 % above average and minimum temperatures two degrees above the long-term average. In Shewa, leaf rust was the most commonly observed disease and occurred at intermediate levels of infection. Stripe and stem rust were only occasionally present. Septoria and Helminthosporium spp. were widely noted at low to moderate levels. Bacterial diseases occurred infrequently. Infection by Fusarium was very rare. In Arsi and Bale, the two major diseases this past season were stripe rust and fusarium head scab, both occurring at epidemic levels especially on the larger farms. Leaf rust levels were moderate, while stem rust remained rare. Septoria tritici was omnipresent, but was overshadowed by stripe rust. Helminthosporium spp. occurred occasionally at low levels. The major improved and widely cultivated semidwarf variety DASHEN was found susceptible to stripe rust and head scab. The variety ENKOY, released 15 years ago, continued to exhibit effective resistance to all prevalent pathogens
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