[Advances of control of Fusarium on wheat in Argentina]
1989
Galich, M.T. (Estacion Experimental Regional Agropecuaria INTA, Marcos Juarez (Argentina))
Two aspects of genetic improvement and chemical control are being addressed for controlling Fusarium in Argentina: the prevention of seedling blight using seed treatments and disease reduction during heading. Trials were conducted at the Balcarce Experiment Station to assess fungicide seed treatments using artificial inoculations in the greenhouse and in the field and counting the number of emerged seedlings. Thiabendazole and mandozeb were tested in the greenhouse; both proved to be effective, especially thiabendazole. In the field, two experiments evaluating three applications of a mixture of flutriafol + thiabendazole and two applications of benomyl and thiram produced similar results. All treatments were statistically different from the check, but no differences were detected between fungicides and the number of applications. Trails were conducted at the Balcarce, Pergamino, and Marcos Juarez Experiment Stations for controlling fusarium head scab, using the following fungicides: mancozeb, benomyl, benomyl + mancozeb, carbendazim, methyl-thiophanate, thiabendazole, propiconazole + carbendazim, flutriafol and prochloraz; the last two were used alone and mixed with carbendazim. Variables analyzed in the trials were percent infected grain, percent infected spikes, 1000 grain weight, and yield. In most trials all treatments showed significant differences in the number of infected grains and spikes, but not in yield and 1000 grain weight. Results indicate that this may not be suitable control means due to the high cost of fungicides and because climatic variability in the wheat-producing area makes applying preventive treatments a high risk method.
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