Effect of soil types on the growth of shoots and roots and the grain yields of wheat [Triticum aestivum] varieties
1990
Sato, A. (Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan)) | Suenaga, K. | Takada, H. | Kawaguchi, K.
Seven wheat varieties were cultivated in four types of soils under the same condition of fertilizer application during the two growing seasons, 1982-1984. Shoot growth was most vigorous in Gray Lowland soil (GLS), which is recognized as the most fertile soil. In Red soil (RS), which is generally short in nitrogen supply, tillering was depressed and leaf color turned pale since the middle of the tillering stage. In the Thick High-humic Andosol (THA) and the Light-colored Andosol (LCA), which are both phosphoric-acid deficient soils, tillering and leaf emergence rates were lower than the case in other soils since the beginning of the tillering stage. Total amount, thickness and distribution of the roots varied among the soil types studied. Elongation of the stems and the spikes started earlier in RS and later in THA and LCA. Grain yields obtained were 649 g/m2 in GLS and 440-493 g/m2 in the other soils. The low yields in RS, THA and LCA were caused by the small number of spikes. These differences in plant growth and yields among the soil types were mainly associated with the soil fertilities and the soil temperature patterns. The wheat varieties producing the highest yields varied among the soil types. The highest yield was achieved by Asakazekomugi in GLS and by Norin 64 in THA and LCA respectively
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