Theoretical and practical study on nature conservation by the concept of sustainability
1990
Itoga, R. (Tsukuba Univ., Ibaraki (Japan). Inst. of Agriculture and Forestry)
The history of nature conservation is divided into three stages; 1) protection of the major monuments of nature, 2) preservation of national parks, 3) conservation of the total environment at the global, national, and amenity levels. Today a new paradigm of conservation is required to respond to the new age of nature conservation. The key concept of this is the "Subject-Environment System approach". Nature conservation activities have proceeded in the context of the history of society. So it is not sufficient to make an effort only to protect the physical aspects of nature. We must approach the natural environment as it is related to human existence, from the standpoint of the concept of the "subject-environment system", where the existence and behavior of the subject (humans) are the main factors to be grasped. It is quite notable that nature is evaluated or estimated differently by various kinds of nature utilizers (subjects). From this point of view, nature conservation practices must be holistic, and make much of the interface of many conflicting factors
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