Yield potential of D x P [planting material] oil palm in Indonesia
1992
Lubis, Adlin U. (Research Center for Estate Crops, North Sumatra (Indonesia))
The breeding of oil palm and production of planting materials in Indonesia started at Marihat Baris in 1915, and were later developed by other companies. The unprofitable situation from World War II up to 1970 had, however, severely influenced the breeding programme. Following various changes subsequently, there are at present three oil palm breeding centers in Indonesia which at the same time function as central sources for plant materials. They are Research Centre for Estate Crop - Marihat (RCEC-Marihat), Research Centre for Estate Crop - Medan (RCEC-MEDAN) and SOCFINDO. DxP crosses were already being tested since 1949 and have shown good results, and all estates have planted 100 percent DxP since 1971. Deli Duras are used as mother palms for the DxP. For pisiferas Ex 5, H 5, SP 540, M 424, M 968, etc. and introductions between 1973-1975 by RCEC-Marihat and SOCFINDO, for example descendants of La Me, Yangambi, NIFOR etc., are used. Depending on land suitability, the DxP crosses can give an average yield of about 5-6 tons of oil/ha/year, and at peak yields (8-12 years old) between 6/5 to 7.7 tons. Because of several problems in most parts of most estates, this yield potential has not been achieved yet, although some were able to achieve that yield. The Reciprocal Recurrent Selection II (RRS II) programme, that is still in progress at RCEC-Marihat could increase the yield potential by 15-20 percents. It is known that in the best DxP cross, the variation for yield is still very high. Hence it is possible to select ortets for tissue culture. To reach this high yield potential in the field, optimum field conditions have to be attained, for example, by reducing the effects of dry seasons, eliminating diseases and pests, proper balanced manuring, accurate harvesting, proper administration etc.
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