Quality: Triticale in animal nutrition
1991
Hill, G.M. (University of Georgia. Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA (USA). Dept. Animal Sciences)
Triticale grain has excellent protein quality and is comparable to maize and other feed grains in energy content. Although protein content may vary with cultivar and growing conditions, several new cultivars contain high concentrations of the essential amino acids, especially lysine, when compared with maize and other feed grains. Monogastrics, including poultry and swine, rely upon a balance of available dietary amino acids more than protein content per se to achieve efficient growth and production. The excellent essential amino acid profile of some new triticale cultivars has allowed substitution of these grains for all or portions of the supplemental protein normally required to balance diets fed to swine and poultry in various stages of production. Ruminants fed improved triticale cultivar diets have performed quite well, although in one study ruminal microorganisms apparently degraded triticale at a faster rate than maize or barley. Young growing-finishing cattle were fed diets containing maize and soybean meal, maize and triticale or maize and barley. Similar performance and nitrogen balance resulted; however, plasma essential amino acids were higher in cattle fed the triticale diet. Ruminants generally utilize triticale efficiently, but triticale should be fed to young growing cattle, young dairy calves, or as a partial protein supplement substitute in growing-finishing beef cattle diets to take advantage of the excellent protein quality of this feed grain. Plant breeders should continue genetic selections to reduce the content of antinutritional factors such as tannins, alkyl-resorcinols and other compounds that might adversely affect the palatability and digestibility of new triticale cultivars. Additionally, research to improve agronomic merit of new triticale cultivars should be complemented with amino acid profiles, and with palatability and digestibility data derived from farm animals that will ultimately consume this grain
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