Effect of wilting and leaf stalk ratio on yield and quality of patchouly oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth)
1989
Hernani | Hardjo, S. | Nurdjanah, N. | Irfan (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor (Indonesia))
One of the efforts to improve the quality of patchouly oil is wilting the raw material before distillation. This experiment was conducted to find out the effect of wilting time and leaf stalk ratio on yield and quality of the oil. The experiment was designed as split-plot with 2 factors and 2 replicates. Factor A was wilting time consisting of 4 levels, i.e: 3 days (A0), 6 days (A1), 9 days (A2) and 12 days (A3), while factor B was leaf stalk ratio (by weight), i.e: 1:0.5 (B0), 1:1 (B1), 1:1.5 (B2) and 1:2.0 (B3). The materials were processed by water and steam distillation with cohobation system. The analysis carried out covering the moisture and the oil content of the raw material, oil yield, physico-chemical properties including oil components by gas chromatography. The experimental results showed that wilting process decreased moisture content, oil yield, ester value of the oil and some terpene groups. On the other hand specific gravity, refractive index and heavy polar component in patchouly oil, increased during the processing. There was no significant influence of wilting process on acid number, optical rotation and the oil solubility in alcohol. It was also found that the higher the stalk proportion, the lower the oil yield and the oil content, followed with higher specific gravity, refractive index, optical rotation and heavy component of the material. The ratio between the stalks did not significantly affect the moisture content, acid number, ester value and solubility of the oil in alcohol.
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