Development of tissue culture technique for propagation and improvement of oil palm
1990
Sompong Te-chato | Charassri Nualsri | Kamnoon Kanchanapoom (Prince of Songkla Univ., Songkhla (Thailand). Faculty of Natural Resources. Dept. of Plant Science)
Explants were removed, without damaging the apex, from young leaves not yet opened and belonging to nursery seedlings. After 45-60 days in MS culture medium containing 2,4-D 1 mg/l, ascorbic acid 200 mg/l, casein hydrolysate 1000 mg/l, calli started to appear on the secondary veins of the leaves. Secondary calli were obtained after 4-6 months in the medium reduced 2,4-D to 10 folds of original concentration. These calli have a rapid growth rate, and in this medium, various stages of somatic embryos were observed. Somatic embryogenesis was also observed to take place directly from primary calli in the above culture medium. Mature embryo from both sources could be isolated and germinated abnormal seedling in half strength MS liquid medium containing both auxin and cytokinin whilst the youngest are used for clonal propagation. Young leaf-derived seedlings (plantlets) were successfully established to soil by treating the seedling with NAA at concentration of 4500 mg/l for 15 minutes before transferring. Cytological study of the plantlets at 5 months after transferring to soil revealed that they have chromosome numbers equal to hybrid tenera plants (e.i. 2n=2x=36). In addition, nuclear size measured from cells of root tip under microscopic observation, was the same as well.
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