Impact of cell culture technology for production processes
1992
Wagner, R. (Geseleschaft fur Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-3300 Braunschweig (Germany))
Animal cell biotechnology is of major commercial interest for the production of complex pharmaceuticals and biological insecticides. This field of technology will be able to diminish diseases in humans and animals and possibly improve agricultural yields reducing simultaneously the use of pesticides. The processes include the production of human and veterinary vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins (complex glyco-proteins) and insect viruses. However, a sophisticated production plant has to be established for the cell cultivation. Due to their slow growth, animal cells have to be kept under sterile conditions for several weeks or months making great demand on the bioreactor system. In contrast to individual microorganisms, animal cells, which are part of macroorganisms, have to be considered together with their environment as a physiological unit. Therefore, the development and optimization of production processes is dependent upon the control of many physiological parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, pH, carbohydrates, lactate, amino acids, etc. Additionally, the cells need very complex nutrient compositions which often contain animal sera. Animal cells are very sensitive to shear forces caused by air bubbles and mixing devices because they have no cell walls. Several bioreactor systems which need these requirements are available at present but the best system has to be evaluated because of the diversity of growth requirements of animal cells
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