Silicon and benomyl reduce blast incidence and increase rice yields
1994
Datnoff, L.E. | Snyder, G.H. (University of Florida, Belle Glade, Florida 33430 (USA). Dept. of Plant Pathology)
Rice grown in Florida is rotated with sugarcane and vegetables on Histosols with organic matter contents in excess of 80 percent. Silicon (Si) concentrations are very low in these soils. Recent research has demonstrated that blast caused by Pyricularia grisea can be reduced and yields increased by amending with a plant-available Si source. Based on this information, it was hypothesized that Si will enhance host plant resistance and control blast to the same degree as a fungicide while increasing yields. Experiments were conducted at two locations. Treatments consisted of plots nonamended and amended with calcium silicate slag (Si source) at 10 Mg/ha, and nonsprayed and sprayed with benomyl at 1.68 Kg product/ha. Fungicide sprays were applied with a hand-held boom at panicle differentiation, boot, heading and heading + 14 days. Blast incidence was determined by examining 25 heads of rice per experimental unit and calculating the percentage of those heads exhibiting symptoms. Rough rice yields were calculated as threshed grain weight adjusted to 12 percent moisture. Disease incidence in the controls averaged 73 percent whereas Si-amended, benomyl and the combination of both treatments averaged 36 percent, 27 percent and 13 percent, respectively, across both locations. Average rough rice yields increased over the controls 26 percent, 16 percent, and 62 percent for Si-amended and benomyl and the combination of both treatments, respectively, across both locations. These data suggest that Si may reduce or eliminate fungicide inputs while providing a sustainable method for managing rice blast and improving yields
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