Production and partial characterization of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins by bacteria isolated from the red tide dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum (Bohm) Steidinger
1995
Sabino, N.G.
Initial cytotoxicity tests showed that two isolates, MM-4 and MM-11 caused death of mice but with a death time beyond the specified time set by Association of Official Analytical Chemist. With isolate MM-4 being the most toxic of the two, it was then fed to green bay mussels, Perna viridis. Seventeen bacterial isolates were obtained from homogenized meat of the inoculated mussels. Twelve of these isolates had characteristics similar to MM-4. Homogenized shellfish meat, cells of the 12 isolates including MM-4 were extracted and subjected to TLC-fluorometric analysis and mouse bioassay. Fluorescent spots were detected only from MM-4 extract and red tide infected mussels. However, the R-values of the said extracts did not coincide with the saxitoxin standard. No death was observed from the mouse bioassay of the extracts but dysonea and inactivity were observed 12 to 15 minutes after intraperitoneal injection. Identity of the toxin was not ascertained since only saxitoxin standard was available. However, HPLC-flurometric analysis of the extract of MM-4 showed the presence of substances with retention times similar to gonyautoxin types 1 and 3. Characterization of the toxic isolates showed that all belong to the family Micrococcaceae. Physiological tests revealed that isolates MM sub -4, MM sub -4-4 and MM sub 4-12 had characteristics similar to M. varians while MM sub 4-8 was similar to M. luteus
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