Twenty years of cassava varietal improvement for yield and adaptation : process of CIAT collaboration with national programs
1996
Kawano, Kazuo
The CIAT Cassava Breeding Program was established with the major objective of providing improved breeding materials based on world-wide germplasm variability for national breeding programs in the world. During the first ten years of activity, a highly significant improvement in the yielding capacity of breeding populations through upgraded harvest index was attained, as well as simultaneous improvement in resistances to major diseases ans pest and tolerance to acid soils. While efforts to further improve the breeding materials to the specific needs of national programs continued at CIAT headquarters in Colombia, the Thai-CIAT breeding program, established in 1983 as a collaboration among the Department of Agriculture, Kasetsart University and CIAT, has further upgraded the yielding capacity of breeding populations through enhanced total biomass and dry matter content, without losing the adaptation of local germplasms to the semi-arid lowland tropical climate. The resulting materials proved to be highly promising in the semi-arid lowland tropics of Indonesia and Malaysia. Initial results suggest that these materials offer good selection opportunities also in the sub- tropics of South China and North Vietnam. Through the systematic transfers of elite clones and selected hybrid seeds, both from CIAT headquarters and from the Thai-CIAT program, thousands of advanced genotypes have been transfered to Asian national programs. From this collaborative work, sixteen CIAT-related cultivars have been released by the national programs in Asia up to 1992 and several of them are now planted in tens of thousands of hectares generating economic effects in the order of millions of dollars.
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