Managing the tick eradication program in the United States to protect livestock producers against acaricide resistant Boophilus microplus | [Manejo del programa de erradicacion de la garrapata en los Estados Unidos para proteccion de los ganaderos contra Boophilus microplus resistente a los ixodicidas]
1995
George, John E. | Mathews Pound, J. | Allen Miller, J. | Ronald B, Davey | Elmer H, Ahrens
The current Tick Eradication Program consist of inspection and dipping in Mexico of cattle to be imported into the U.S. from Mexico to insure movement of tick-free cattle across the border. Also, there is a quantine zone in the U.S. along the Texas-Mexico border, and all cattle and horses from the area are dipped in coumaphos when moved within or from the zone. Finally, outbreaks of cattle ticks outside or within the quarantine zone are eradicated by dipping cattle or through pasture vacation (the removal for a specified time of all cattle from quarantined pastures). Only coumaphos, is used in the Texas Tick Eradication Program dipping vatas and in the dipping vats at the ports of entry from Mexico. The eradication program is faced with a number of challenges including the occurrence in Mexico of organophosphate and pyrethroid resistant B. microplus, increasingly restrictive regulatory policies pertaining to the use of pesticides, the presence in south Texas of dense populations of with-tailed deer and exotic ungulate species that are alternate hosts for B. microplus and B. annulatus, and changing plant communities that provide an abundance of habitats favorable to the survival of cattle fever ticks. Several operational and research approaches are being used to insure against the failure of the quarantine program. Discriminating dose test are used to monitor ticks from outbreaks to determine their susceptibility to coumaphos and permethrin. Cooperative research with scientists from Mexico and the U.S. is being done to develop molecular probes to provide a more sensitive and rapid method for detecting resistance in a tick population. Through cooperative work with the animal health industry, new acaricides are being tested to provide alternatives to the few products currently available to the Tick Eradication Program. Methods for controlling ticks on deer and other wild ungulates are being developed to provide methods for eradicating tick outbreaks involving wildlife hosts
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