Importance and control of barley leaf blights in Ethiopia
1995
Semeane, Y. (Holetta Research Center, Addis Ababa (Ethiopia). Inst. of Agricultural Research)
Research on barley diseases starting in 1971 showed that scald, leaf blotches and rusts are the most important diseases in Ethiopia. Crop loss studies on Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) J.J.Davis and Pyrenophora teres Drechs. (=Drechslera teres (Sacc.) Shoem., Syn. Helminthosporium teres Sacc.) showed yield losses of 21-67 and about 34 percent, respectively. The use of genetic resistance is the most economical means of barley disease control. During the past 16 years over 6000 lines/cultivars were tested for resistance to the most economically important diseases - scald (R. secalis), net blotch (P. teres), spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kurib.) Drechs. ex Dast. [=Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem., Syn. Helminthosporium sativum Pammel, King & Bakke]) and leaf rust (Puccinia hordei Otth). Between 1988 and 1989, over 500 lines were tested for resistance to scald. Sixteen were identified and further tested in different locations in 1990. Among theses, three were resistant (HB 114, HB 116 and HB 124) and promoted to yield trials. In addition, eight resistant lines identified are used in the crossing program. All but three lines were local crosses containing at least one Ethiopian parent. Of 900 landrace lines tested from 45 populations, representing three locations, five lines were resistant to scald and four to net blotch. These lines are currently in the crossing program.
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