Innestigations on the host range of charcoalrot fungus Macrophomina phaseolina tassi (Goid) [Sudan]
1995
Elmahadi, N.M. (University Of Khartoum. Faculty of Agriculture, Shambat (Sudan))
The present work is investigations on the host range of two isolates of charcolrot fungus M.phaseolina Goid, on the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris I.) and Maize (corn) (Zea mays L.). The studies inculde isolation the pathogen from seeds of the above mentioned crops. Pathogenicity tests on sixteen crops, physiological studies regarding, the effect of tempeature, liquid media, effect of neem oil and neem seed powder and chemical control of charcoal rot disease. The two isolates of M.phaseolina (Bean isolte and Maize isolate) were found to induce the typical symptoms of charcoal rot disease on the two host plants. Also on cotton which is known to be susceptible to M.phaseolina. The pathogencity tests revealed that high rates of disease incidence were recorded on maize, bean and cotton approaching 100 death of seedling when infection were appeared in most cases the isolates caused significant reductions in plant height, fresh and dry weight of the sixteen crop plants. The physiological studies showed that the two isolates could grown at a wide range of tempreature but not at 5, 10 and 15c with the optimum between 30-35c. The results of the weight of mycelial growth of two isolates on sixteen crops showed that there is no signficant differences between the two isolates, but there is highly signifcant differnces between the crops. The test of the effect of neem oil showed that the effect of neem oil on the growth of two isolates is effective than neem seed powder in vitro. When the neem seed powder was mixed with that pathogen in the soil and treated the seed of bean and maize with N.S.P, reduced losses were produced. On the other hand, the fungicide Benlate was very effective than thiram in their performance against the two isolates.
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