Effect of soil condition and implement type on a field factor performance [Sudan]

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of clay soil surface condition and plough type on draft force, slippage, travelling speed, drawbar power, theoretical and effective capacities, field efficiencies and fuel consumption rate of two-wheel drive tractor. The work was carried out on two locations, the first was fallow for two seasons, while the second was cultivated in the previous season. Soil conditions were firm and loose. The primary implements used in the experiment were disc, chisel, and moldboard ploughs using the first high gear speed of the tractor. The results showed that all the ploughs in the first location and disc and chisel in the second location recorded higher draft, slippage, field efficiencies, and fuel consumption rates on firm soil, while moldboard plough in the second location recorded no significant differences at 5 level under both soil conditions. comparing these ploughs to each other, the highest draft, slippage and fuel consumption rates were demonstrated by the moldboard plough. The values were 9.42 KN, 13.2 and 7.57 1/ha in the first-location; 8.54 KN, 13.4, 9.41 1/ha in the second location respectively. The highest efficiencies in the two locations were recorded by the disc plough 82.4 and 81.5 respectively, while the lowest efficiencies were 73.9 and 78.5 which were recorded by moldboard in the first location and disc in the second location respectively. All implements in the first location and chisel in the second location showed higher travelling speeds, theoretical and effective field capacities, while disc and moldboard in the second location recorded no significant differences at 5 level under both soil conditions. The highest speed in the first location was recorded by disc 4.85 km/h while the highest speed in the second location was recorded by chisel 4.54 km/h. The highest theoretical field capacities in the two locations were 0.562 ha/h and 0.529 ha/h, and the highest effective field capacities were 0.443 ha/h 0.417 ha/h, and they were all recodedby the chisel plough, while the lowest theoretical and effective field capacities were0.246, 0.242 and 0.204, 0.193 ha/h respectively and they were all demonstrated by the moldboard plough. Drawbar power required by disc plough in the first location and by disc and chisel plough in the second location in firm soil condition was greater than in loose soil condition, while for moldboard there were no significant differences in power at 5 level under the two soil conditions in both locations. The highest drawbar power values were 8.7 kw and 8.13 kw in the first and second location respectively, which were shown by the chisel plough. The lowest values were 5.40 kw and 5.23 kw in the first and second locations respectively and were recorded by disc plough