Elevated CO2 and development of frost hardiness in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

adaptation amidon biological development bud initiation carbohydrate metabolism carbon dioxide carbon dioxide enrichment chambre de croissance changement climatique chitinase climatic change crecimiento croissance dioxyde de carbone durcissement ecotipos ecotypes endurecimiento enrichissement en gaz carbonique fenologia fitotrones frost gel growth growth chambers hardening helada initiation du bourgeon metabolismo de carbohidratos noruega norway phenology picea abies plantule protein metabolism proteine proteins quitinasa raffinose rafinosa saccharose seedlings starch sucrosa sucrose