Family labor in upland rice farming systems: a gender analysis
1996
Rola, A.C. | Dayo, H.F. | Hernandez, J.T. | Labios, R.L. | Garcia, A.G. (Philippines Univ. Los Banos, College, Laguna (Philippines). Center for Policy and Developent Studies)
The study assessed the current labor use and labor productivity of farm households in upland rice-based farming systems using gender analysis. Results showed that labor use in all activities was fairly sustainable between gender. Given the current cropping pattern, no slack labor was available all year round among male farm household. However, females have more pronounced slack time for farm work which allows them to perform other off-farm and non-farm activities to earn cash income. Male activities were focused in on-farm work and they significantly shared in household or domestic work. The use of gender analysis in the study showed that female labor and income contributions are significant. In spite of this, the total family incomes of upland farmers included in the study were found to be way below the poverty level set for rural areas. Agricultural research and extension efforts should take into account female work; policies for rural industrialization should also be concerned with female labor in the upland areas
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