Types of relief and natural landscape ecological types in the Eastern Carpathians Biosphere Reserve
1996
Midriak, R. (Technical Univ., Zvolen (Slovak Republic). Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences)
In the Eastern Carpathians Biosphere Reserve area the relief types were separated on the maps in the scale 1:25 000. Only 3.7 % of the extend involve plains, 6.4 % hills, even 64.4 % uplands and 24.5 % higlands. From contemporary relief forming processes there are nine significant from the group of water, gravitational, eolic and nivation processes. Soil erosion owing to surface water run-off is the mostly spread. Its strong intensity threatens ca 35 % of the surface, the extra strong intensity threatening ca 50 % of the surface. The average potential soil loss is even 7 mm a year. From the point of view of natural geoecological landscape types the country with moderate uplands with cambisols and oak-hornbeam or even beech forest prevails (ca 48 %) over the cool higland country on the flysch substrate with unsaturated cambisols, beech and mixed forests - ca 38 %
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