Biological bases of cannibalism in fish | Bases biologiques du cannibalisme chez les poissons
1998
Baras, E. (Universite de Liege, Tihange (Belgium). Lab. de demographie des poissons et d'aquaculture)
This review of cannibalism in wild and captive fish tries to integrate the respective influences of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in order to understand the variable impact of cannibalism in fish of different ages or sizes in different ecosystems. Cannibalism is analysed at first in a foraging perspective, as an alternative to predation on heterospecifics, and types of cannibalism are briefly reviewed with respect to prey age, ontogenetic interval, and genetic relatedness between predator and prey. Functional mechanisms underlying cannibalism mainly refer to the sensorial capacities of predators and prey to detect each other, to attack or escape the attacks of each other, and to their morphological capacities to ingest each other. These genetic factors are later integrated with behavioural factors in an attempt to understand the nature and extent of prey size selectivity, foraging tactics and strategies of cannibals, and the impact of cannibalism on fish populations. The way these adaptive responses are affected further by ontogenetic interval and environmental variations is analysed in order to propose conceptual models of cannibalistic dynamics in populations, as well as guidelines for mitigating the impact of cannibalism among cultured stocks.
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