Morphology, histology and cytology of enhanced axillary bud formation and production of cell suspension culture of Theobroma cacao L. in vitro
1999
Srisuvoramas, B.
Results showed that Theobroma cacao shoot tip, first node, stem segments and cotyledonary node have different responses to varying levels of auxin (NAA) and cytokinins (KIN, BAP and TDZ) and that these responses depended on the physiological status of the plant material. In all tissue explants WPM [Woody Plant Medium] supported better growth than MS [Murashige Skoog] medium. Shoot growth and proliferation in vitro were greater than has been achieved with T. cacao shoots grown in vivo. This has been attributed to TDZ, especially when added in combination with NAA which enhanced further development of shoot formation into normal plants. Shoot tip, first node and cotyledonary node explants of T. cacao gave the highest mean number of shoots in WPM + 1 ppm NAA treatment + 15 ppm TDZ. This indicates that TDZ is the most active cytokinin for woody plant tissue culture. Regenerated shoots were successfully rooted in WPM + 0.7 ppm IAA and 2.8 ppm IBA. Cytological observations of plantlets from the first node and cotyledonary node explants indicated that there was no difference in chromosome number between cacao in vitro and the mother plants grown in vivo. Histologically, findings showed that both non-embryogenic and embryogenic calli consisted of meristematic region cells which could be differentiated to embryos and surrounded with the non-meristematic region cells. Denser meristematic cell regions in the embryogenic calli were observed. Calli which originated from any part of T. cacao seedling explants failed to inhibit embryogenic capacity
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