The natural enemies of San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) from the order Hymenoptera in the Czech Republic
2002
Holman, J. (Statni Rostlinolekarska Sprava, Brno (Czech Republic))
We identified 8 species of parasitoids of San Jose scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus) in the Czech Republic during the years 1998-2001. Aphytis proclia and Prospaltella perniciosi were identified as dominant species (67.37 and 30.47 %, respectively). Other parasitoids (2.16 %) included Aphytis mytilaspidis, Parvulinus aurantii, Thysanus ater, Azotus celsus, Pteroptrix dimidiata, Physcus testaceus, and 6 species from the family Encyrtidae. We introduced Aphytis proclia in an apple orchard. The number of A. proclia on the trees in this orchard was higher by 48.6 % in comparison with control trees. The development cycle of San Jose scale is 47 days (Czech population) and 39 days (Uzbekistan population) under laboratory conditions (25 deg C, 40-50 % of humidity). There are in average 2.56 generations in apple orchards in Southern Moravia. Pesticide application usually decreases the number of parasitoids. We also analysed natural enemies on Epidiaspis leperii, Quadraspidiotus piri, Chionaspis salicis, and Lepidosaphes ulmi. Aphytis proclia was the dominant species on these pests. Few individuals of Aphytis mytilaspidis and from the Encyrtidae family were also observed.
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