Molecular Breeding of Herbicide Resistance in Higher Plants
2000
Jeong Jae-Hun Chungbuk National University, Cheongju (Korea Republic) Han Seong-Soo Wonkwang University, Iksan (Korea Republic)
Transgenic plants are produced worldwide using the techniques of cross breeding and genetic engineering and commercialized in rice, maize, rape, cotton, soybean, and potato. Transformation of herbicide resistant gene into normal plants has been achieved via gene transformation, which allows for more efficiency in agricultural production as well as alleviates contamination of the environment. The herbicide resistance can be achieved via several different means: 1)reduced herbicide uptake, 2)overproduction of the herbicide target enzymes, 3)metabolism, modification, or conjugation of herbicide, and 4)mutational alterations in the herbicide target enzyme resulting in lowering the affinity to the herbicide. The present review concentrates mainly on the development of herbicide-resistant plants by genetic engineering against four classes of herbicides such as triazines, glyphosate, sulfonylurea, and phosphinothricin. The corresponding genes related to the herbicide resistance are psb A gene, EPSP(5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate) synthesis gene, ALS(acetolactate synthase) gene, and PAT(phosphinothricin acetyltransferase) gene. In the future, genetic breeding should be emphasized on commercial plant production.
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