Technology for virus-free production and certification of tissue-cultured garlic (Allium sativum L.) planting materials
2002
Patena, L.F. | Dolores, L.M. (Philippines Univ. Los Banos, College, Laguna (Philippines). Inst. of Plant Breeding) Barg, E.
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the Philippines. It is grown mainly in the biggest island of the country, Luzon. Average yield is quite low, 2.78 t/ha, due to low quality planting materials which is attributed to accumulated diseases (particularly virus diseases) through generations of asexual propagation. Tissue culture coupled with virus-free certification is the only means of obtaining disease-free planting materials. The authors have devised an in vitro technique for mass producing garlic planting materials through a combination of shoot tip culture followed by meristem culture then shoot multiplication and in vitro bulblet (g sub 0) formation. With this technique, planting materials were produced of which 6 out of 8 accessions tested negative and 2 positive of the viruses present in the Philippines. Poty (DYDV - onion yellow dwarf virus, LYSV - leek yellow streak virus), carla (GCLV - garlic common latent virus), SLV - shallot latent virus) and allexi, (M6FV - miteborne filamentous virus -GarVA - garlic virus A, GarVD - garlic virus B, GarVG - garlic virus D) viruses. Virus indexing was done using a combination of biochemical (ELISA) and molecular techniques (RT-PCR) and electron microscopy. Increase in the number of planting materials was achieved with transplant of G sub 0 bulblets to potting media under greenhouse condition to produce G sub 1 bulbs and then planting the G sub 1 bulbs in the field to produce G sub 2 bulbs and so on. At each generation, bulbs increased in size with corresponding increase in the number of cloves per bulb
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