Yield and quality of the winter wheat kernel after special organomineral liquid fertilizers application

The effect of four special organomineral fertilizers (Vermisol-N, Humix Univerzal, Biostimul and Avit-35) on the yield and grain quality of three winter wheat cultivars (Livia, Blava, Astella) in small-plot experiments in years 1996-1999 was studied. Each of the observed liquid fertilizers has the other organic base, which take a different part on the morphoregulatory preparation effect. Vermisol-N (fi Jakos, Kostoliste, Slovak Republic) contain 440 ml of Vermisol (the leach of biohumus, concretely from the California earthworm product), 220 g of nitrogen, 15 g of humic acids. Humix Univerzal (fi Huma KFT Tatab nya, Hungary) contain 4% of potassium humate, 1.6% of potassium of it and micronutrients Ca, CO, Zn, Mn, Mo,B and Fe complexly bound to humates. Biostimul (fi Agrichem, Bratislava, Slovak Republic) is the liquid concentrate of essential aminoacids, vitamins and plant hormones. It contains 7.5% of nitrogen (from it 3.8% of mineral), 0.26% of phosphorus, 3.4% of potassium, 0.88% of Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn, 23% of lactic acid, 2% of reducible saccharides, B group vitamins and amino acids. Avit-35 (fi Polychem, Slovak Republic) contain 13.5% of complex - forming compounds (ethanolamine and mixture of ureasalicylate with urea in ration 9.9 : 0.1), 4,4% of nitrogen, 3.9% of magnesium, 5.1% of Zn, B, Mn and S, 5,8% of carbon. Zinc, boron, manganese and magnesium are complexly bounded on the present organic compounds. Small-plot experiments on the middle vertic Haplic Chernozem (locality Sladkovicovo, the south-west part of Slovak Republic) were realised. The size of plot was 10 square m with fourfold repetition of variants. The winter wheat seedling rate was equal in all years and at all cultivars - 5 millions of germinated seeds per hectare. Pea bean was forecrop annually. The soil under experiment was fertilising only in year 1998/1999 - in autumn 1998 of 22.8 kg NPK.ha-1, in spring 1999 at an ammonium nitrate regeneration fertilization in dose 100 kg.ha-1 was applied. The foliar application of testing preparations (in the amount and terms referenced by producers), respectively on the control treatment the application of water with manual garden sprinkler was realised. The wet gluten content, falling number and elastic-viscous properties of the grain was analysed. Results were evaluated by the analysis of the variance of the simple sort proportioned experiment. After the Avit-35 application at the ear formation beginning of winter wheat not only the highest yields annually but the highest grain quality too were reached. At the Blava cultivar the yield in single years by 10.6 - 9.3 - 1.6% was increased at the Astella by 12.0 - 9.0 - 6.8% and at the Livia by 15.6 - 12.1 - 5.4% above the control. In the year 1999 the results by foul of the weather several days before the harvest were influenced. The another tested preparations, in spite of higher nitrogen content in them (with exception of Humix Univerzal), the wet gluten content increased partly only. The other yield qualitative parameters they not influenced or they influenced negatively. Avit-35 optimised the falling number values from the view of bread-making properties. He influenced positively SDS-test values in all cultivars only in year 1997 (increasing by 11.3 - 20% above control) and in year 1999 at Livia cultivar only (increasing by 13.1%). From the view of the completely getting production and quality of the grain yield is Avit-35 more suitable than the other tested organomineral liquid fertilizers